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{{Silicosis}}
{{Silicosis}}
*Main occupations that involve silicosis:
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{AV}}
:*Excavations in [[mines]], [[tunnels]], [[quarries]], underground galleries  
==Overview==
:*[[Quarrying]], cutting and polishing siliceous rock  
*Occupational exposure is the most significant risk factor of silicosis. Excavations in mines, tunnels, quarries, and underground galleries, [[quarrying]], [[cutting]] and polishing siliceous rock, and manufacturing of silicon-based products are all associated with increased risk of developing silicosis.
:*Dry cutting, [[grinding]], sieving and manipulation of minerals and rock  
 
:*Manufacture of [[silicon carbide]], [[glass]], [[porcelain]], [[earthenware]] and other ceramic products  
==Risk Factors==
:*Manufacture and maintenance of abrasives and detergent powders  
The risk of developing silicosis is associated with the cumulative exposure of an individual to crystalline silica.
:*Accumulated silica dose = Fraction of respirable dust × % of free silica in mg/m3 × Number of years of exposure<ref name="pmid25479706">{{cite journal| author=Fernández Álvarez R, Martínez González C, Quero Martínez A, Blanco Pérez JJ, Carazo Fernández L, Prieto Fernández A| title=Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of silicosis. | journal=Arch Bronconeumol | year= 2015 | volume= 51 | issue= 2 | pages= 86-93 | pmid=25479706 | doi=10.1016/j.arbres.2014.07.010 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25479706  }} </ref><br><br>
'''Occupational exposure is the most significant risk factor of silicosis.'''
*The most common occupations that involve exposure to silicosis are shown below:
:*Excavations in mines, tunnels, quarries, underground galleries  
:*Quarrying, cutting and polishing siliceous rock  
:*Dry cutting, grinding, sieving and manipulation of minerals and rock  
:*Manufacturing of [[silicon carbide]], [[glass]], [[porcelain]], earthenware and other ceramic products  
:*Manufacturing and maintenance of abrasives and detergent powders  
:*Foundry work: cast shakeout, sprue removal and blast cleaning  
:*Foundry work: cast shakeout, sprue removal and blast cleaning  
:*Milling work: polishing, filing products containing free silica  
:*Milling work: polishing, filing products containing free silica  
:*[[Sandblasting]] and grinding  
:*Sandblasting<ref name="pmid25612962">{{cite journal| author=Schelde J, Authried G, Madsen HD, Perch M, Sherson DL| title=[Working as a sandblaster can cause silicosis.] | journal=Ugeskr Laeger | year= 2015 | volume= 177 | issue= 2A | pages=  | pmid=25612962 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25612962  }} </ref> and grinding  
:*Pottery industry  
:*Pottery industry  
:*Handling quartz conglomerates and [[ornamental stone]]
:*Handling quartz conglomerates and ornamental stone
:*[[Dental prostheses]]
:*[[Dental prostheses]]
*A few cases of non-occupational silicosis have been reported in communities at proximity to industries like [[quarries]] and sand works.
*In addition to environmental, genetic factors such as polymorphisms for [[TNF|TNF-α gene]] is associated with more severe silicosis<ref name="pmid11874815">{{cite journal| author=Corbett EL, Mozzato-Chamay N, Butterworth AE, De Cock KM, Williams BG, Churchyard GJ et al.| title=Polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter may predispose to severe silicosis in black South African miners. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2002 | volume= 165 | issue= 5 | pages= 690-3 | pmid=11874815 | doi=10.1164/ajrccm.165.5.2010050 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11874815  }} </ref>


A few cases of non-occupational silicosis  have been reported in the ommunities living close to industries like quarries and sand works.
*Intensity of Exposure The risk of developing silicosis is closely linked to the accumulated exposure of an individual to crystalline silica during their working lifetime. Exposure can be calculated as follows:
:*Accumulated silica dose = fraction of respirable dust × percentage of free silica in mg/m3 × number of years of exposure.<ref name="pmid25479706">{{cite journal| author=Fernández Álvarez R, Martínez González C, Quero Martínez A, Blanco Pérez JJ, Carazo Fernández L, Prieto Fernández A| title=Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of silicosis. | journal=Arch Bronconeumol | year= 2015 | volume= 51 | issue= 2 | pages= 86-93 | pmid=25479706 | doi=10.1016/j.arbres.2014.07.010 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25479706  }} </ref>
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Occupational diseases]]
[[Category:Occupational diseases]]

Latest revision as of 15:14, 23 June 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aparna Vuppala, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

  • Occupational exposure is the most significant risk factor of silicosis. Excavations in mines, tunnels, quarries, and underground galleries, quarrying, cutting and polishing siliceous rock, and manufacturing of silicon-based products are all associated with increased risk of developing silicosis.

Risk Factors

The risk of developing silicosis is associated with the cumulative exposure of an individual to crystalline silica.

  • Accumulated silica dose = Fraction of respirable dust × % of free silica in mg/m3 × Number of years of exposure[1]

Occupational exposure is the most significant risk factor of silicosis.

  • The most common occupations that involve exposure to silicosis are shown below:
  • Excavations in mines, tunnels, quarries, underground galleries
  • Quarrying, cutting and polishing siliceous rock
  • Dry cutting, grinding, sieving and manipulation of minerals and rock
  • Manufacturing of silicon carbide, glass, porcelain, earthenware and other ceramic products
  • Manufacturing and maintenance of abrasives and detergent powders
  • Foundry work: cast shakeout, sprue removal and blast cleaning
  • Milling work: polishing, filing products containing free silica
  • Sandblasting[2] and grinding
  • Pottery industry
  • Handling quartz conglomerates and ornamental stone
  • Dental prostheses
  • A few cases of non-occupational silicosis have been reported in communities at proximity to industries like quarries and sand works.
  • In addition to environmental, genetic factors such as polymorphisms for TNF-α gene is associated with more severe silicosis[3]

References

  1. Fernández Álvarez R, Martínez González C, Quero Martínez A, Blanco Pérez JJ, Carazo Fernández L, Prieto Fernández A (2015). "Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of silicosis". Arch Bronconeumol. 51 (2): 86–93. doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2014.07.010. PMID 25479706.
  2. Schelde J, Authried G, Madsen HD, Perch M, Sherson DL (2015). "[Working as a sandblaster can cause silicosis.]". Ugeskr Laeger. 177 (2A). PMID 25612962.
  3. Corbett EL, Mozzato-Chamay N, Butterworth AE, De Cock KM, Williams BG, Churchyard GJ; et al. (2002). "Polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter may predispose to severe silicosis in black South African miners". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 165 (5): 690–3. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.165.5.2010050. PMID 11874815.

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