Silicosis classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging. Silicosis is classified as either simple chronic, complicated chronic, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, accelerated silicosis, or acute silicosis.
Classification
There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging.[1][2][3]
Simple Chronic
- Respiratory disease often develops > 10 years following exposure to low - moderate concentrations of silica dust.
- Patients usually remain asymptomatic, making the diagnosis of silicosis very difficult.
- Pulmonary function tests are typically normal but may also be reduced.
- On chest imaging, nodules are < 10 mm in diameter.
Complicated Chronic
- Respiratory disease often develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust.
- Patients may report dyspnea and cough.
- Pulmonary function may be either normal or reduced.
- On chest imaging, nodules > 1 cm with either obstructive or restrictive changes of variable severity
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Respiratory disease often develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust.
- Patients may report dyspnea and cough.
- Pulmonary function may be either normal or reduced.
- On chest imaging, diffuse reticulonodular pattern similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is usually observed.
Accelerated Silicosis
- Respiratory disease often develops 5 to 10 years following exposure to silica dust.
- Patients often report dyspnea, weakness, and weight loss.
- Pulmonary function is often reduced with rapid deterioration of FVC and FEV1.
- On chest imaging, rapidly progressive nodules and masses are observed.
Acute Silicosis
- Respiratory disease often develops within 5 years of exposure to extremely high concentrations of silica dust.
- Patients often report severe, disabling dyspnea, weakness, weight loss, and progressive respiratory failure.
- Pulmonary function is usually reduced with restrictive changes and reduced diffusion capacity.
- On chest imaging, bilateral perihilar acinar-pattern consolidations with ground glass appearance is observed.
References
- ↑ Arakawa H, Johkoh T, Honma K, Saito Y, Fukushima Y, Shida H; et al. (2007). ; "Chronic interstitial pneumonia in silicosis and mix-dust pneumoconiosis: its prevalence and comparison of CT findings with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis" Check
|url=value (help). Chest. 131 (6): 1870–6. doi:10.1378/chest.06-2553. PMID 17400659. - ↑ Park R, Rice F, Stayner L, Smith R, Gilbert S, Checkoway H (2002). ; "Exposure to crystalline silica, silicosis, and lung disease other than cancer in diatomaceous earth industry workers: a quantitative risk assessment" Check
|url=value (help). Occup Environ Med. 59 (1): 36–43. PMC 1740205. PMID 11836467. - ↑ Greenberg MI, Waksman J, Curtis J (2007). ; "Silicosis: a review" Check
|url=value (help). Dis Mon. 53 (8): 394–416. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2007.09.020. PMID 17976433.