Silicosis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging. Silicosis is classified as either simple chronic, complicated chronic, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, accelerated silicosis, and acute silicosis.

Classification

There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging.

Subtype Duration of Exposure Symptoms Pulmonary Function Imaging Findings
Simple Chronic Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to low - moderate concentrations of silica dust Often asymptomatic May be normal or reduced Nodules < 10 mm
Complicated Chronic Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust Dyspnea and cough May be normal or reduced Nodules > 1 cm with either obstructive or restrictive changes of variable severity
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust. Dyspnea May be normal or reduced Diffuse reticulonodular pattern similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Accelerated Silicosis Disease develops 5 to 10 years following high exposure to silica dust Dyspnea, weakness, and weight loss Reduced with rapid deterioration of FVC and FEV1 Rapidly progressing nodules and masses
Acute Silicosis Disease develops within 5 years of exposure to extremely high concentrations of silica dust Severe, disabling dyspnea, weakness, weight loss, and progressive respiratory failure Reduced with restrictive changes and reduced diffusion capacity Bilateral perihilar acinar pattern consolidations with ground glass appearance

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