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==Overview==
==Overview==
There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging. Silicosis is classified as either simple chronic, complicated chronic, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, accelerated silicosis, and acute silicosis.
There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging. Silicosis is classified as either simple chronic, complicated chronic, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, accelerated silicosis, or acute silicosis.


==Classification==
==Classification==
There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging.
There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging.<ref name="pmid25479706">{{cite journal| author=Fernández Álvarez R, Martínez González C, Quero Martínez A, Blanco Pérez JJ, Carazo Fernández L, Prieto Fernández A| title=Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of silicosis. | journal=Arch Bronconeumol | year= 2015 | volume= 51 | issue= 2 | pages= 86-93 | pmid=25479706 | doi=10.1016/j.arbres.2014.07.010 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25479706  }} </ref>
===Simple Chronic===
*Respiratory disease often develops > 10 years following exposure to low - moderate concentrations of silica dust.
*Patients usually remain asymptomatic, making the diagnosis of silicosis very difficult.
*Pulmonary function tests are typically normal but may also be reduced.
*On chest imaging, [[nodules]] are < 10 mm in diameter.


{| {{table}}
===Complicated Chronic===
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Subtype'''
*Respiratory disease often develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust.
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Duration of Exposure'''
*Patients may report [[dyspnea]] and [[cough]].
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Symptoms'''
*[[Pulmonary function tests|Pulmonary function]] may be either normal or reduced.
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Pulmonary Function'''
*On chest imaging, nodules > 1 cm with either obstructive or restrictive changes of variable severity
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Imaging Findings'''
 
|-
===Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis===
| Simple Chronic||Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to low - moderate concentrations of silica dust||Often asymptomatic||May be normal or reduced||Nodules < 10 mm
*Respiratory disease often develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust.
|-
*Patients may report [[dyspnea]] and [[cough]].
| Complicated Chronic||Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust||Dyspnea and cough||May be normal or reduced||Nodules > 1 cm with either obstructive or restrictive changes of variable severity
*Pulmonary function may be either normal or reduced.
|-
*On chest imaging, diffuse reticulonodular pattern similar to [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]] is usually observed.
| Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis||Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust.||Dyspnea||May be normal or reduced||Diffuse reticulonodular pattern similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
 
|-
===Accelerated Silicosis===
| Accelerated Silicosis||Disease develops 5 to 10 years following high exposure to silica dust||Dyspnea, weakness, and weight loss||Reduced with rapid deterioration of FVC and FEV1||Rapidly progressing nodules and masses
*Respiratory disease often develops 5 to 10 years following exposure to silica dust.
|-
*Patients often report [[dyspnea]], [[weakness]], and [[weight loss]].
| Acute Silicosis||Disease develops within 5 years of exposure to extremely high concentrations of silica dust||Severe, disabling dyspnea, weakness, weight loss, and progressive respiratory failure||Reduced with restrictive changes and reduced diffusion capacity||Bilateral perihilar acinar pattern consolidations with ground glass appearance
*Pulmonary function is often reduced with rapid deterioration of [[FVC]] and [[FEV1]].
|}
*On chest imaging, rapidly progressive nodules and masses are observed.
 
===Acute Silicosis===
*Respiratory disease often develops within 5 years of exposure to extremely high concentrations of silica dust.
*Patients often report severe, disabling [[dyspnea]], [[weakness]], [[weight loss]], and progressive respiratory failure.
*Pulmonary function is usually reduced with restrictive changes and reduced diffusion capacity.
*On chest imaging, bilateral perihilar acinar-pattern [[consolidations]] with [[ground glass appearance]] is observed.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Occupational diseases]]


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Latest revision as of 15:25, 8 June 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aparna Vuppala, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging. Silicosis is classified as either simple chronic, complicated chronic, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, accelerated silicosis, or acute silicosis.

Classification

There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging.[1]

Simple Chronic

  • Respiratory disease often develops > 10 years following exposure to low - moderate concentrations of silica dust.
  • Patients usually remain asymptomatic, making the diagnosis of silicosis very difficult.
  • Pulmonary function tests are typically normal but may also be reduced.
  • On chest imaging, nodules are < 10 mm in diameter.

Complicated Chronic

  • Respiratory disease often develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust.
  • Patients may report dyspnea and cough.
  • Pulmonary function may be either normal or reduced.
  • On chest imaging, nodules > 1 cm with either obstructive or restrictive changes of variable severity

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

  • Respiratory disease often develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust.
  • Patients may report dyspnea and cough.
  • Pulmonary function may be either normal or reduced.
  • On chest imaging, diffuse reticulonodular pattern similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is usually observed.

Accelerated Silicosis

  • Respiratory disease often develops 5 to 10 years following exposure to silica dust.
  • Patients often report dyspnea, weakness, and weight loss.
  • Pulmonary function is often reduced with rapid deterioration of FVC and FEV1.
  • On chest imaging, rapidly progressive nodules and masses are observed.

Acute Silicosis

  • Respiratory disease often develops within 5 years of exposure to extremely high concentrations of silica dust.
  • Patients often report severe, disabling dyspnea, weakness, weight loss, and progressive respiratory failure.
  • Pulmonary function is usually reduced with restrictive changes and reduced diffusion capacity.
  • On chest imaging, bilateral perihilar acinar-pattern consolidations with ground glass appearance is observed.

References

  1. Fernández Álvarez R, Martínez González C, Quero Martínez A, Blanco Pérez JJ, Carazo Fernández L, Prieto Fernández A (2015). "Guidelines for the diagnosis and monitoring of silicosis". Arch Bronconeumol. 51 (2): 86–93. doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2014.07.010. PMID 25479706.

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