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==Overview==
==Overview==
==Classification==
==Classification==
Classification of silicosis is made according to the disease's severity, onset, and rapidity of progression. These include:
There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging.
 
* ''Simple chronic''
:*Occurs after 10 years of exposure to moderate to low levels of silica dust. This is the most common type of silicosis. Patients with this type of silicosis may not have obvious symptoms, [[Nodules]] less than 10 mm are seen on chest X-ray and [[pulmonary function]] is usually normal
 
* ''Complicated chronic''
:*Occurs after 10 years of exposure to silica dust. Symptoms include [[Dyspnea]] and [[Cough]]. Nodules greater than 1 cm and Obstructive or restrictive changes of variable severity are seen.
 
* ''Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis''
:*Occurs after 10 years of exposure to silica dust. On chest -Xray diffuse reticulonodular pattern almost similar to [[idopathic pulmonary fibrosis]] is seen. The main symptom is [[dyspnea]].<ref name="pmid17400659">{{cite journal| author=Arakawa H, Johkoh T, Honma K, Saito Y, Fukushima Y, Shida H et al.| title=Chronic interstitial pneumonia in silicosis and mix-dust pneumoconiosis: its prevalence and comparison of CT findings with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | journal=Chest | year= 2007 | volume= 131 | issue= 6 | pages= 1870-6 | pmid=17400659 | doi=10.1378/chest.06-2553 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17400659  }} </ref>
 
* ''Accelerated silicosis''
:*Silicosis that develops 5-10 years after high exposure to silica dust. Symptoms include severe [[shortness of breath]], [[weakness]], and [[weight loss]]. Rapidly progressing nodules and masses are seen on chest X-ray. Rapidly deteriorating lung function (FVC and FEV1) and progresses more often and more rapidly to complicated forms.<ref name="pmid11836467">{{cite journal| author=Park R, Rice F, Stayner L, Smith R, Gilbert S, Checkoway H| title=Exposure to crystalline silica, silicosis, and lung disease other than cancer in diatomaceous earth industry workers: a quantitative risk assessment. | journal=Occup Environ Med | year= 2002 | volume= 59 | issue= 1 | pages= 36-43 | pmid=11836467 | doi= | pmc=PMC1740205 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11836467  }} </ref>, <ref name="pmid17976433">{{cite journal| author=Greenberg MI, Waksman J, Curtis J| title=Silicosis: a review. | journal=Dis Mon | year= 2007 | volume= 53 | issue= 8 | pages= 394-416 | pmid=17976433 | doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2007.09.020 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17976433  }} </ref>
 
* ''Acute silicosis''
:*Acute silicosis also known as [[alveolar proteinosis|silico proteinosis]] is the type of silicosis that develops within 5years of exposure to extremely high levels of silica dust. Symptoms of acute silicosis include severe disabling shortness of breath, weakness, and weight loss and progressive respiratory failure often leading to death. Bilateral perihilar acinar pattern consolidations similar to [[alveolar proteinosis]] seen on chest X-ray. [[HRCT|High resolution computed tomography]] (HRCT) reveals [[opacity|ground glass opacities]]  and lung function tests generally show restrictive changes with reduced [[diffusion capacity]].


{| {{table}}
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Subtype'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Duration of Exposure'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Symptoms'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Pulmonary Function'''
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Imaging Findings'''
|-
| Simple Chronic||Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to low - moderate concentrations of silica dust||Often asymptomatic||May be normal or reduced||Nodules < 10 mm
|-
| Complicated Chronic||Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust||Dyspnea and cough||May be normal or reduced||Nodules > 1 cm with either obstructive or restrictive changes of variable severity
|-
| Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis||Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust.||Dyspnea||May be normal or reduced||Diffuse reticulonodular pattern similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
|-
| Accelerated Silicosis||Disease develops 5 to 10 years following high exposure to silica dust||Dyspnea, weakness, and weight loss||Reduced with rapid deterioration of FVC and FEV1||Rapidly progressing nodules and masses
|-
| Acute Silicosis||Disease develops within 5 years of exposure to extremely high concentrations of silica dust||Severe, disabling dyspnea, weakness, weight loss, and progressive respiratory failure||Reduced with restrictive changes and reduced diffusion capacity||Bilateral perihilar acinar pattern consolidations with ground glass appearance
|}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:44, 16 June 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Classification

There are 5 subtypes of silicosis that are differentiated according to the duration of exposure, development of symptoms, pulmonary function, and findings on chest imaging.

Subtype Duration of Exposure Symptoms Pulmonary Function Imaging Findings
Simple Chronic Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to low - moderate concentrations of silica dust Often asymptomatic May be normal or reduced Nodules < 10 mm
Complicated Chronic Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust Dyspnea and cough May be normal or reduced Nodules > 1 cm with either obstructive or restrictive changes of variable severity
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis Disease develops > 10 years following exposure to silica dust. Dyspnea May be normal or reduced Diffuse reticulonodular pattern similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Accelerated Silicosis Disease develops 5 to 10 years following high exposure to silica dust Dyspnea, weakness, and weight loss Reduced with rapid deterioration of FVC and FEV1 Rapidly progressing nodules and masses
Acute Silicosis Disease develops within 5 years of exposure to extremely high concentrations of silica dust Severe, disabling dyspnea, weakness, weight loss, and progressive respiratory failure Reduced with restrictive changes and reduced diffusion capacity Bilateral perihilar acinar pattern consolidations with ground glass appearance

References

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