Sick sinus syndrome causes: Difference between revisions

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*[[Myocarditis]]
*[[Myocarditis]]
===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
Common [[causes]] of sick sinus syndrome:
Common [[causes]] of sick sinus syndrome:<ref name="pmid6406388">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weintraub M, Hes JP, Rotmensch HH, Soferman G, Liron M |title=Extreme sinus bradycardia associated with lithium therapy |journal=Isr. J. Med. Sci. |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=353–5 |date=April 1983 |pmid=6406388 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7018848">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thormann J, Neuss H, Schlepper M, Mitrovic V |title=Effects of clonidine on sinus node function in man |journal=Chest |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=201–6 |date=August 1981 |pmid=7018848 |doi=10.1378/chest.80.2.201 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15949188">{{cite journal |vauthors=Puljiz I, Beus A, Kuzman I, Seiwerth S |title=Electrocardiographic changes and myocarditis in trichinellosis: a retrospective study of 154 patients |journal=Ann Trop Med Parasitol |volume=99 |issue=4 |pages=403–11 |date=June 2005 |pmid=15949188 |doi=10.1179/136485905X36307 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17570992">{{cite journal |vauthors=Assimakopoulos SF, Michalopoulou S, Papakonstantinou C, Lekkou A, Syrokosta I, Gogos C |title=A case of severe sinus bradycardia complicating anicteric leptospirosis |journal=Am. J. Med. Sci. |volume=333 |issue=6 |pages=381–3 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17570992 |doi=10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3180659578 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15761461">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cunha BA, Thermidor M, Mohan S, Valsamis AS, Johnson DH |title=Fever of unknown origin: subacute thyroiditis versus typhoid fever |journal=Heart Lung |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=147–51 |date=2005 |pmid=15761461 |doi=10.1016/j.hrtlng.2004.07.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11284920">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cunha BA |title=The diagnostic significance of relative bradycardia in infectious disease |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Infect. |volume=6 |issue=12 |pages=633–4 |date=December 2000 |pmid=11284920 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.0194f.x |url=}}</ref>
*[[Atrial fibrillation]]
*[[Atrial fibrillation]]
*Athletic training
*Athletic training

Revision as of 23:03, 27 March 2020

Sick sinus syndrome Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Sick sinus syndrome can result in many abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), including sinus arrest, sinus node exit block, sinus bradycardia, and other types of bradycardia (slow heart rate). Sick sinus syndrome may also be caused by a varity of conditions including but not limied to myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, drugs or toxins, infections,medications, electrolyte abnormalities, hypothermia, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and acidosis.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Common causes of sick sinus syndrome:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Cardiovascular Amyloidosis, atherosclerosis, atrial septal defect, cardiac surgery in children, cardiomyopathies, carotid sinus hypersensitivity, congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, Ebstein anomaly, electrolyte imbalance, hemochromatosis, hyperkalemia, hypertension, hypocalcemia, hypoxia, ischemic heart disease, Lyme disease, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, neurocardiogenic syncope, pericarditis, rheumatic fever, sinus node fibrosis, tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome
Chemical/Poisoning Grayanotoxin, rhododendron sp
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Lyme disease, systemic lupus erythematosus
Drug Side Effect Amiodarone, antiarrhythmics, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, cimetidine, clonidine, digitalis, disopyramide, guanethidine, lanatoside C, lidocaine, lithium, methyldopa, phenytoin, procainamide, propranolol, quinidine, reserpine, verapamil
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, hypocalcemia, hypothyroidism
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Hemochromatosis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma
Genetic Friedreich ataxia, HCN4 mutation, hemochromatosis, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy
Hematologic Hemochromatosis
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Chagas disease, diphtheria, Lyme disease, pericarditis, rheumatic fever, sepsis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Friedreich ataxia, hemochromatosis, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, systemic lupus erythematosus
Neurologic Friedreich ataxia, hypothermia, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, sleep apnea
Nutritional/Metabolic Amyloidosis, electrolyte imbalance, hyperkalemia
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Neoplasm
Ophthalmologic Hypertension
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Hypoxia, sarcoidosis, scleroderma
Renal/Electrolyte Electrolyte imbalance, hyperkalemia, hypertension, hypocalcemia, systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Amyloidosis, rheumatic fever, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Cardiac surgery in children
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Hypothermia, idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ Weintraub M, Hes JP, Rotmensch HH, Soferman G, Liron M (April 1983). "Extreme sinus bradycardia associated with lithium therapy". Isr. J. Med. Sci. 19 (4): 353–5. PMID 6406388.
  2. ↑ Thormann J, Neuss H, Schlepper M, Mitrovic V (August 1981). "Effects of clonidine on sinus node function in man". Chest. 80 (2): 201–6. doi:10.1378/chest.80.2.201. PMID 7018848.
  3. ↑ Puljiz I, Beus A, Kuzman I, Seiwerth S (June 2005). "Electrocardiographic changes and myocarditis in trichinellosis: a retrospective study of 154 patients". Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 99 (4): 403–11. doi:10.1179/136485905X36307. PMID 15949188.
  4. ↑ Assimakopoulos SF, Michalopoulou S, Papakonstantinou C, Lekkou A, Syrokosta I, Gogos C (June 2007). "A case of severe sinus bradycardia complicating anicteric leptospirosis". Am. J. Med. Sci. 333 (6): 381–3. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3180659578. PMID 17570992.
  5. ↑ Cunha BA, Thermidor M, Mohan S, Valsamis AS, Johnson DH (2005). "Fever of unknown origin: subacute thyroiditis versus typhoid fever". Heart Lung. 34 (2): 147–51. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2004.07.003. PMID 15761461.
  6. ↑ Cunha BA (December 2000). "The diagnostic significance of relative bradycardia in infectious disease". Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 6 (12): 633–4. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2000.0194f.x. PMID 11284920.
  7. ↑ Semelka M, Gera J, Usman S (2013). "Sick sinus syndrome: a review". Am Fam Physician. 87 (10): 691–6. PMID 23939447.

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