Septic arthritis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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{{Septic arthritis}}
{{Septic arthritis}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
[[Septic arthritis]] is an [[orthopaedic]] [[emergency]] with potential high [[morbidity]] and [[mortality]].Septic arthritis is also becoming increasingly common among people who are [[immunosuppressed]] and elderly persons. Of people with septic arthritis, 45% are older than 65 years. These groups are more likely to have various [[comorbidities]]. 56% of patients with septic arthritis are [[male]].
* Incidence of septic arthritis approximately varies between 2 to 10 cases per 100,000 per year in the general population.<ref name="pmid8972665">Morgan DS, Fisher D, Merianos A, Currie BJ (1996) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8972665 An 18 year clinical review of septic arthritis from tropical Australia.] ''Epidemiol Infect'' 117 (3):423-8. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/8972665 8972665]</ref>
 
* Incidence of septic arthritis in patients with history of rheumatoid arthritis and patients with joint prostheses is ~ 30–70 cases per 100,000 per year.<ref name="pmid8849354">Kaandorp CJ, Van Schaardenburg D, Krijnen P, Habbema JD, van de Laar MA (1995) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8849354 Risk factors for septic arthritis in patients with joint disease. A prospective study.] ''Arthritis Rheum'' 38 (12):1819-25. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/8849354 8849354]</ref>
==Epidemiology ==
* Incidence of septic arthritis in patients with joint prostheses is 40-68 cases per 100,000 per year.
===Incidence===
* Worldwide, the incidence of septic arthritis ranges from a low of 2 per 100,000 persons/ year to a high of 10 per 100,000 persons/ year<ref name="pmid8972665">Morgan DS, Fisher D, Merianos A, Currie BJ (1996) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8972665 An 18 year clinical review of septic arthritis from tropical Australia.] ''Epidemiol Infect'' 117 (3):423-8. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/8972665 8972665]</ref>
* Worldwide, the Incidence of septic arthritis in patients with history of [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and patients with joint [[prostheses]]  ranges from a low of 30 per 100,000 persons/ year to a high of 70 per 100,000 persons/ year.<ref name="pmid8849354">Kaandorp CJ, Van Schaardenburg D, Krijnen P, Habbema JD, van de Laar MA (1995) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8849354 Risk factors for septic arthritis in patients with joint disease. A prospective study.] ''Arthritis Rheum'' 38 (12):1819-25. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/8849354 8849354]</ref>
* Worldwide, the Incidence of septic arthritis in patients with joint [[prostheses]] ranges from a low of 40 per 100,000 persons/ year to a high of 68 per 100,000 persons/ year.
===Case Fatality rate===
* The case-fatality rate of septic arthritis is estimated to be 10-25%.<ref name="pmid3883171">Goldenberg DL, Reed JI (1985) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3883171 Bacterial arthritis.] ''N Engl J Med'' 312 (12):764-71. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198503213121206 DOI:10.1056/NEJM198503213121206] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/3883171 3883171]</ref>
* The case-fatality rate of septic arthritis is estimated to be 10-25%.<ref name="pmid3883171">Goldenberg DL, Reed JI (1985) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3883171 Bacterial arthritis.] ''N Engl J Med'' 312 (12):764-71. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198503213121206 DOI:10.1056/NEJM198503213121206] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/3883171 3883171]</ref>
* Even after survival from septic arthritis, 25-50% of the patients suffer from irreversible loss of joint function.<ref name="pmid9153550">Kaandorp CJ, Krijnen P, Moens HJ, Habbema JD, van Schaardenburg D (1997) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9153550 The outcome of bacterial arthritis: a prospective community-based study.] ''Arthritis Rheum'' 40 (5):884-92. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(199705)40:5<884::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-6 DOI:10.1002/1529-0131(199705)40:5<884::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-6] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/9153550 9153550]</ref><ref name="pmid1882666">Bengtson S, Knutson K (1991) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1882666 The infected knee arthroplasty. A 6-year follow-up of 357 cases.] ''Acta Orthop Scand'' 62 (4):301-11. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/1882666 1882666]</ref>  
* Even after survival from septic arthritis, 25-50% of the patients suffer from irreversible loss of joint function.<ref name="pmid9153550">Kaandorp CJ, Krijnen P, Moens HJ, Habbema JD, van Schaardenburg D (1997) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9153550 The outcome of bacterial arthritis: a prospective community-based study.] ''Arthritis Rheum'' 40 (5):884-92. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(199705)40:5<884::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-6 DOI:10.1002/1529-0131(199705)40:5<884::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-6] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/9153550 9153550]</ref><ref name="pmid1882666">Bengtson S, Knutson K (1991) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1882666 The infected knee arthroplasty. A 6-year follow-up of 357 cases.] ''Acta Orthop Scand'' 62 (4):301-11. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/1882666 1882666]</ref>  


* Females are more at risk in getting gonorrheal arthritis and four fold risk compared to men, due to the asymptomatic nature of gonorrheal infection in women.  
== Demographics ==
 
=== Age ===
* Gonococcal arthritis is more common in reproductive age group.
* Non gonococcal arthritis is more common in extreme age groups such as age >80 years or children <2 years.<ref name="pmid8412643">Dubost JJ, Fis I, Denis P, Lopitaux R, Soubrier M, Ristori JM et al. (1993) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8412643 Polyarticular septic arthritis.] ''Medicine (Baltimore)'' 72 (5):296-310. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/8412643 8412643]</ref>


* Poly articular septic arthritis(PASA) is more common in men when compared to women.<ref name="pmid8412643">Dubost JJ, Fis I, Denis P, Lopitaux R, Soubrier M, Ristori JM et al. (1993) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8412643 Polyarticular septic arthritis.] ''Medicine (Baltimore)'' 72 (5):296-310. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/8412643 8412643]</ref>  
=== Gender ===
* In comparison to male, female have a four-fold increased risk of predisposition to gonococcal arthritis due to the asymptomatic nature of gonorrheal infection in women. 
* Poly-articular septic arthritis (PASA) is more common in men when compared to women.<ref name="pmid8412643">Dubost JJ, Fis I, Denis P, Lopitaux R, Soubrier M, Ristori JM et al. (1993) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8412643 Polyarticular septic arthritis.] ''Medicine (Baltimore)'' 72 (5):296-310. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/8412643 8412643]</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Arthritis]]
[[Category:Arthritis]]
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Orthopedics]]
 
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Latest revision as of 00:08, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

Septic arthritis is an orthopaedic emergency with potential high morbidity and mortality.Septic arthritis is also becoming increasingly common among people who are immunosuppressed and elderly persons. Of people with septic arthritis, 45% are older than 65 years. These groups are more likely to have various comorbidities. 56% of patients with septic arthritis are male.

Epidemiology

Incidence

  • Worldwide, the incidence of septic arthritis ranges from a low of 2 per 100,000 persons/ year to a high of 10 per 100,000 persons/ year[1]
  • Worldwide, the Incidence of septic arthritis in patients with history of rheumatoid arthritis and patients with joint prostheses ranges from a low of 30 per 100,000 persons/ year to a high of 70 per 100,000 persons/ year.[2]
  • Worldwide, the Incidence of septic arthritis in patients with joint prostheses ranges from a low of 40 per 100,000 persons/ year to a high of 68 per 100,000 persons/ year.

Case Fatality rate

  • The case-fatality rate of septic arthritis is estimated to be 10-25%.[3]
  • Even after survival from septic arthritis, 25-50% of the patients suffer from irreversible loss of joint function.[4][5]

Demographics

Age

  • Gonococcal arthritis is more common in reproductive age group.
  • Non gonococcal arthritis is more common in extreme age groups such as age >80 years or children <2 years.[6]

Gender

  • In comparison to male, female have a four-fold increased risk of predisposition to gonococcal arthritis due to the asymptomatic nature of gonorrheal infection in women.
  • Poly-articular septic arthritis (PASA) is more common in men when compared to women.[6]

References

  1. ↑ Morgan DS, Fisher D, Merianos A, Currie BJ (1996) An 18 year clinical review of septic arthritis from tropical Australia. Epidemiol Infect 117 (3):423-8. PMID: 8972665
  2. ↑ Kaandorp CJ, Van Schaardenburg D, Krijnen P, Habbema JD, van de Laar MA (1995) Risk factors for septic arthritis in patients with joint disease. A prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 38 (12):1819-25. PMID: 8849354
  3. ↑ Goldenberg DL, Reed JI (1985) Bacterial arthritis. N Engl J Med 312 (12):764-71. DOI:10.1056/NEJM198503213121206 PMID: 3883171
  4. ↑ Kaandorp CJ, Krijnen P, Moens HJ, Habbema JD, van Schaardenburg D (1997) The outcome of bacterial arthritis: a prospective community-based study. Arthritis Rheum 40 (5):884-92. <884::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-6 DOI:10.1002/1529-0131(199705)40:5<884::AID-ART15>3.0.CO;2-6 PMID: 9153550
  5. ↑ Bengtson S, Knutson K (1991) The infected knee arthroplasty. A 6-year follow-up of 357 cases. Acta Orthop Scand 62 (4):301-11. PMID: 1882666
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Dubost JJ, Fis I, Denis P, Lopitaux R, Soubrier M, Ristori JM et al. (1993) Polyarticular septic arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore) 72 (5):296-310. PMID: 8412643

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