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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT[[Seborrheic dermatitis]] |
| {{SI}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JH}}.
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| {{SK}} Seborrheic eczema.
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| ==Overview==
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| Seborrhoeic [[eczema]] (also known as Seborrheic dermatitis [[American English|AmE]], '''seborrhea''') is a skin disorder affecting the scalp, face, and trunk. Seborrhoeic dermatitis causes flaky, itchy, red skin and temporary hair loss. It particularly affects the [[sebum]]-gland rich areas of skin. Causes of seborrhoeic dermatitis include ''[[Malassezia furfur]]'' (formerly known as Pityrosporum ovale), as well as genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immune-system factors. Medical therapy for seborrhoeic dermatitis includes [[antifungal]] agents, [[corticosteroids]], and lithium salts.
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| ==Causes==
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| The cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis remains unknown, although many factors have been implicated. The widely present [[yeast]], ''[[Malassezia furfur]]'' (formerly known as ''Pityrosporum ovale''), is involved,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hay R, Graham-Brown R |title=Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis: causes and management |journal=Clin Exp Dermatol |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=3-6 |year=1997 |pmid=9330043 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2230.1997.d01-231.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Nowicki R |title=[Modern management of dandruff] |journal=Pol Merkur Lekarski |volume=20 |issue=115 |pages=121-4 |year=2006 |pmid=16617752}}</ref> as well as genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immune-system factors.<ref>Am Fam Physician 2000;61:2703-10,2713-4</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Janniger C, Schwartz R |title=Seborrheic dermatitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=149-55, 159-60 |year=1995 |pmid=7604759}}</ref> A suggestion that seborrhoeic dermatitis is an inflammatory response to this yeast has yet to be proven.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Parry M, Sharpe G |title=Seborrheic dermatitis is not caused by an altered immune response to Malassezia yeast |journal=Br J Dermatol |volume=139 |issue=2 |pages=254-63 |year=1998 |pmid=9767239 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02362.x}}</ref> Those afflicted with seborrhoeic dermatitis have an unfavourable epidermic response to the infection, with the skin becoming inflamed and flaking.
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| In children, excessive [[vitamin A]] intake can cause seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| |url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000350.htm
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| |title=MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hypervitaminosis A
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| |publisher=www.nlm.nih.gov
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| |accessdate=2008-03-19
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| |last=
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| }}
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| </ref> Lack of [[biotin]],<ref name="aafp">
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| {{cite web
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| |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20060701/125.html
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| |title=Seborrheic Dermatitis: An Overview - July 1, 2006 -- American Family Physician
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| |publisher=www.aafp.org
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| |accessdate=2008-03-19
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| |last=
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| }}
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| </ref> [[pyridoxine]] (vitamin B6)<ref name="aafp"/><ref name="emedicine">
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| {{cite web
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| |url=http://www.emedicine.com/NEURO/topic278.htm
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| |title=eMedicine - Nutritional Neuropathy : Article by R Andrew Sewell
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| |publisher=www.emedicine.com
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| |accessdate=2008-03-19
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| |last=
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| }}
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| </ref> and [[riboflavin]] (vitamin B2)<ref name="aafp"/> may also be a cause.
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| == Hair loss ==
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| Side effects to inflammation may include temporary hair loss. If severe outbreaks go untreated for long periods of time, permanent hair loss may result due to damaged hair follicles.
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| Expect two to six months before hair growth may resume.
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| ==Physical examination==
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| ==Gallery==
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| =====Head=====
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| <gallery>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_01.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_04.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_05.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_06.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_07.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_09.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_10.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_13.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_15.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_19.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_20.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| </gallery>
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| =====Ear=====
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| <gallery>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_08.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_21.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_22.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| </gallery>
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| =====Neck=====
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| <gallery>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_14.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| </gallery>
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| =====Trunk=====
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| <gallery>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_01.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_03.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_11.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_12.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| </gallery>
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| =====Extremities=====
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| <gallery>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_18.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| </gallery>
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| =====Genitales=====
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| <gallery>
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| Image: Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_17.jpeg| Seborrheic dermatitis. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12 With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=424>
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| </gallery>
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| ==Treatments==
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| ===Medical Therapy===
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| * Seborrheic dermatitis<ref name="pmid24947530">{{cite journal| author=Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, Dellinger EP, Goldstein EJ, Gorbach SL et al.| title=Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2014 | volume= 59 | issue= 2 | pages= 147-59 | pmid=24947530 | doi=10.1093/cid/ciu296 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24947530 }} </ref>
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| :* 1. '''Antifungal agents'''
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| ::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Ketoconazole]] 2% in shampoo, foam, gel, or cream
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| :::* Scalp: Twice/week for clearance {{then}} once/week or every other week for maintenance
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| :::* Other areas: From bid to twice/week for clearance {{then}} from twice/week to once every other week for maintenance
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| ::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Bifonazole]] 1% in shampoo or cream
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| :::* Scalp: 3 times/week for clearance
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| :::* Other areas: qd for clearance
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| ::* Preferred regimen (3): [[Ciclopirox olamine]] (also called ciclopirox) 1.0% or 1.5% in shampoo or cream
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| :::* Scalp: Twice to 3 times/week for clearance {{then}} once/week or every 2 week for maintenance
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| :::* Other areas: Twice daily for clearance {{then}} qd for maintenance
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| :* 2. '''Corticosteroids'''
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| ::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Hydrocortisone]] 1% in cream areas other than scalp qd or bid
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| ::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Betamethasone dipropionate]] 0.05% in lotion scalp and other areas qd or bid
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| ::* Preferred regimen (3): [[Clobetasol|Clobetasol 17- butyrate]] 0.05% in cream areas other than scalp qd or bid
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| ::* Preferred regimen (4): [[Clobetasol|Clobetasol dipro- pionate]] 0.05% in shampoo
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| :::* Scalp: Twice weekly in a short- contact fashion (up to 10 min application, then washing)
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| ::* Preferred regimen (5): [[Desonide]] 0.05% lotion bid on scalp and other areas
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| :* 3. '''Lithium salts'''
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| ::* Preferred regimen: [[Lithium succinate]] {{and}} [[Zinc sulfate]] Ointment containing 8% [[Lithium succinate]] {{and}} 0.05% [[Zinc sulfate]]
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| ::* Preferred regimen: [[Lithium|Lithium gluconate]] 8% in gel bid on areas other than scalp
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| [[Category: Infectious Disease Project]]
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| ===Plant-based treatments===
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| {{main article|phytotherapy}}
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| The [[World Health Organization]] mentions ''[[Aloe vera]]'' gel as a yet to be scientifically proven [[traditional medicine]] treatment for Seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref>
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| {{cite web
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| |url=http://www.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e.6
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| |title=WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 1: Aloe Vera Gel
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| |publisher=www.who.int
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| |accessdate=2008-03-18
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| </ref>
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| *''[[Arctium lappa]]'' (Burdock) oil<ref name="green">
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| {{cite web
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| |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N-Uus_kjkNUC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=plants+for+treating+seborrhea&source=web&ots=u4fzYOLFsb&sig=cpWVYu2MB5a3dqNC17QRX7qYhcw&hl=en#PPA154,M1
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| |title=The Green Pharmacy: New Discoveries ... - Google Book Search
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| |publisher=books.google.com
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| |accessdate=2008-03-19
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| |last=
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| }}
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| </ref>
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| *''[[Chelidonium majus]]'' (Celandine)<ref name="green"/>
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| *''[[Glycyrrhiza glabra]]'' (Licorice)<ref name="green"/>
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| *''[[Melaleuca]]'' (Tea tree) species<ref name="green"/>
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| *''[[Plantago]]'' (Plantain) species<ref name="green"/>
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| *''Symphytum officinale'' ([[Comfrey]])<ref name="green"/>
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| *''[[Zingiber officinale]]'' (Ginger) root juice<ref name="green"/>
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| ==Related Chapter==
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| *''[[Echinopsis peruviana]]''
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| ==External Links==
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| * [http://dermnetnz.org/dermatitis/seborrhoeic-dermatitis.html Seborrhoeic Dermatitis at DermNet]
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| *[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20060701/125.html Seborrheic Dermatitis: An Overview - July 1, 2006 -- American Family Physician]
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| {{Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue}}
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| [[Category:Skin diseases]]
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| [[Category:Primary care]]
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