Seborrhoeic dermatitis: Difference between revisions

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#REDIRECT[[Seborrheic dermatitis]]
{{Infobox_Disease
| Name          = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image          = Seborrhoeic dermatitis.jpg
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==Overview==
Seborrhoeic [[eczema]] (also known as Seborrheic dermatitis [[American English|AmE]], '''seborrhea''') is a skin disorder affecting the scalp, face, and trunk causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin. It particularly affects the [[sebum]]-gland rich areas of skin.
 
==Causes==
The cause of seborrhoeic dermatitis remains unknown, although many factors have been implicated.  The widely present [[yeast]], ''[[Malassezia furfur]]'' (formerly known as ''Pityrosporum ovale''), is involved,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Hay R, Graham-Brown R |title=Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis: causes and management |journal=Clin Exp Dermatol |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=3-6 |year=1997 |pmid=9330043 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2230.1997.d01-231.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Nowicki R |title=[Modern management of dandruff] |journal=Pol Merkur Lekarski |volume=20 |issue=115 |pages=121-4 |year=2006 |pmid=16617752}}</ref> as well as genetic, environmental, hormonal, and immune-system factors.<ref>Am Fam Physician 2000;61:2703-10,2713-4</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Janniger C, Schwartz R |title=Seborrheic dermatitis |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=149-55, 159-60 |year=1995 |pmid=7604759}}</ref> A suggestion that seborrhoeic dermatitis is an inflammatory response to this yeast has yet to be proven.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Parry M, Sharpe G |title=Seborrheic dermatitis is not caused by an altered immune response to Malassezia yeast |journal=Br J Dermatol |volume=139 |issue=2 |pages=254-63 |year=1998 |pmid=9767239 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02362.x}}</ref> Those afflicted with seborrhoeic dermatitis have an unfavourable epidermic response to the infection, with the skin becoming inflamed and flaking.
 
In children, excessive [[vitamin A]] intake can cause seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000350.htm
|title=MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hypervitaminosis A
|publisher=www.nlm.nih.gov
|accessdate=2008-03-19
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>  Lack of [[biotin]],<ref name="aafp">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20060701/125.html
|title=Seborrheic Dermatitis: An Overview - July 1, 2006 -- American Family Physician
|publisher=www.aafp.org
|accessdate=2008-03-19
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref> [[pyridoxine]] (vitamin B6)<ref name="aafp"/><ref name="emedicine">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.emedicine.com/NEURO/topic278.htm
|title=eMedicine - Nutritional Neuropathy : Article by R Andrew Sewell
|publisher=www.emedicine.com
|accessdate=2008-03-19
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref> and [[riboflavin]] (vitamin B2)<ref name="aafp"/> may also be a cause.
 
== Hair loss ==
[[Image:Seborrhoeic_dermatitis_head.jpg|200px|left|thumb|Acute form of seborrhoeic dermatitis on scalp]]
<br clear="left"/>
 
Side effects to inflammation may include temporary hair loss.  If severe outbreaks go untreated for long periods of time, permanent hair loss may result due to damaged hair follicles.
 
Expect two to six months before hair growth may resume.
 
==Treatments==
===Medical Therapy===
[[Soap]]s and [[detergent]]s such as [[sodium laureth sulfate]] may precipitate a flare-up, as they strip moisture from the top layers of the skin, and the drying property of these can cause flare-ups and may worsen the condition. Accordingly a suitable alternative should be used instead.
 
Among dermatologist recommended treatments are shampoos containing [[coal tar]], [[ciclopiroxolamine]] [[ketoconazole]], [[selenium sulfide]], or [[zinc pyrithione]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Schwartz R, Janusz C, Janniger C |title=Seborrheic dermatitis: an overview |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=125-30 |year=2006 |pmid=16848386 | url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/20060701/125.html}}</ref>  For severe disease, [[keratolytic]]s such as [[salicylic acid]] or [[coal tar]] preparations may be used to remove dense scale.  Topical [[terbinafine]] solution (1%) has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of scalp seborrhoea,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Faergemann J, Jones J, Hettler O, Loria Y |title=Pityrosporum ovale (Malassezia furfur) as the causative agent of seborrheic dermatitis: new treatment options |journal=Br J Dermatol |volume=134 Suppl 46 |issue= |pages=12-5: discussion 38 |year=1996 | month=Jun |pmid=8763461}}</ref> as may lotions containing [[alpha hydroxy acid]]s or [[corticosteroids]] (such as [[fluocinolone acetonide]]). [[Pimecrolimus]] topical lotion is also sometimes prescribed.
 
Chronic treatment with topical corticosteroids may lead to permanent skin changes, such as [[atrophy]] and [[telangiectasia]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Smith J, Wehr R, Chalker D |title=Corticosteroid-induced cutaneous atrophy and telangiectasia. Experimental production associated with weight loss in rats |journal=Arch Dermatol |volume=112 |issue=8 |pages=1115-7 |year=1976 |pmid=952530 |doi=10.1001/archderm.112.8.1115}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Scheinfeld N |title=Seborrheic dermatitis |journal=Skinmed |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=49-50 |year=2005 |pmid=15654167 | url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/499706  |doi=10.1111/j.1540-9740.2005.03961.x}}</ref>
 
[[UV-A#Explanation|UV-A]] and [[UV-B#Explanation|UV-B]] light inhibit the growth of ''M. furfur'',<ref>{{cite journal |author=Wikler J, Janssen N, Bruynzeel D, Nieboer C |title=The effect of UV-light on pityrosporum yeasts: ultrastructural changes and inhibition of growth |journal=Acta Derm Venereol |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=69-71 |year=1990 |pmid=1967880}}</ref> although caution should be taken to avoid sun damage.
 
Those with seborrhoeic dermatitis might benefit from [[biotin]] supplements. One might also try a humidifier by the bed, as well as a gentle moisturizer with or without oatmeal.  Applying milk of magnesia may help clear up seborrheic dermatitis; one may apply on the face while showering and rinse off at the end of the shower.<ref>{{citation| last1 = Graedon| first1 = Joe| last2 = Graedon| first2 = Teresa |title=The People's Pharmacy |newspaper = Atlanta Journal Constitution Evening Edge |publisher = Atlanta Journal Constitution|page=15 |date = [[2008-04-17]]}}</ref>
 
===Plant-based treatments===
{{main article|phytotherapy}}
The [[World Health Organization]] mentions ''[[Aloe vera]]'' gel as a yet to be scientifically proven [[traditional medicine]] treatment for Seborrhoeic dermatitis.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.who.int/medicinedocs/en/d/Js2200e.6
|title=WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants - Volume 1: Aloe Vera Gel
|publisher=www.who.int
|accessdate=2008-03-18
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
 
*''[[Arctium lappa]]'' (Burdock) oil<ref name="green">
{{cite web
|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=N-Uus_kjkNUC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=plants+for+treating+seborrhea&source=web&ots=u4fzYOLFsb&sig=cpWVYu2MB5a3dqNC17QRX7qYhcw&hl=en#PPA154,M1
|title=The Green Pharmacy: New Discoveries ... - Google Book Search
|publisher=books.google.com
|accessdate=2008-03-19
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>
*''[[Chelidonium majus]]'' (Celandine)<ref name="green"/>
*''[[Glycyrrhiza glabra]]'' (Licorice)<ref name="green"/>
*''[[Melaleuca]]'' (Tea tree) species<ref name="green"/>
*''[[Plantago]]'' (Plantain) species<ref name="green"/>
*''Symphytum officinale'' ([[Comfrey]])<ref name="green"/>
*''[[Zingiber officinale]]'' (Ginger) root juice<ref name="green"/>
 
==Related Chapter==
*''[[Echinopsis peruviana]]''
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
==External Links==
* [http://dermnetnz.org/dermatitis/seborrhoeic-dermatitis.html Seborrhoeic Dermatitis at DermNet]
*[http://www.aafp.org/afp/20060701/125.html Seborrheic Dermatitis: An Overview - July 1, 2006 -- American Family Physician]
 
{{Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue}}
 
 
[[Category:Skin diseases]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
 
[[bg:Себорея]]
[[ca:Dermatitis seborreica]]
[[de:Seborrhoisches Ekzem]]
[[es:Seborrea]]
[[fr:Dermite séborrhéique]]
[[gl:Dermatite seborreica]]
[[it:Dermatite seborroica]]
[[he:דהנת]]
[[mk:Себороичен дерматит]]
[[nl:Seborrhoïsch eczeem]]
[[ja:脂漏性湿疹]]
[[pt:Dermatite seborréica]]
[[ro:Seboree]]
[[sv:Seborré]]
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 20:39, 5 August 2016