Schizophrenia psychotherapy: Difference between revisions
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{{Schizophrenia}} | {{Schizophrenia}} | ||
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Vbe}} | {{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Vbe}} {{I.D.}} | ||
==Psychotherapy== | ==Psychotherapy== | ||
[[Psychotherapy]] is also widely recommended and used in the [[Treatment-resistant depression|treatment]] of [[schizophrenia]], although services may often be confined to [[pharmacotherapy]] because of reimbursement problems or lack of training.<ref>Moran, M (2005). [http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/40/22/24-b Psychosocial Treatment Often Missing From Schizophrenia Regimens.] ''Psychiatr News'' [[November 18]] [[2005]], Volume 40, Number 22, page 24. Retrieved on [[2007-05-17]].</ref> | *[[Psychotherapy]] is also widely recommended and used in the [[Treatment-resistant depression|treatment]] of [[schizophrenia]], although services may often be confined to [[pharmacotherapy]] because of reimbursement problems or lack of training.<ref>Moran, M (2005). [http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/40/22/24-b Psychosocial Treatment Often Missing From Schizophrenia Regimens.] ''Psychiatr News'' [[November 18]] [[2005]], Volume 40, Number 22, page 24. Retrieved on [[2007-05-17]].</ref> | ||
==Cognitive Behavioral Therapy== | ==Cognitive Behavioral Therapy== | ||
[[Cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) is used to reduce [[symptoms]] and improve related issues such as [[self-esteem]], social [[Functioning carcinoid|functioning]], and insight. Although the results of early trials were inconclusive,<ref name="fn_38">Cormac I, Jones C, Campbell C (2002). Cognitive behaviour therapy for schizophrenia. ''Cochrane Database of [[systematic review]]s'', (1), CD000524. PMID 11869579</ref> | *[[Cognitive behavioral therapy]] (CBT) is used to reduce [[symptoms]] and improve related issues such as [[self-esteem]], social [[Functioning carcinoid|functioning]], and insight. | ||
*Although the results of early trials were inconclusive, more recent reviews suggest that CBT can be an effective [[Treatment-resistant depression|treatment]] for the [[psychotic]] [[symptoms]] of [[schizophrenia]].<ref name="fn_38">Cormac I, Jones C, Campbell C (2002). Cognitive behaviour therapy for schizophrenia. ''Cochrane Database of [[systematic review]]s'', (1), CD000524. PMID 11869579</ref><ref name="fn_39">Zimmermann G, Favrod J, Trieu VH, Pomini V (2005). The effect of cognitive behavioral treatment on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. ''[[Schizophrenia Research]]'', 77, 1–9. PMID 16005380</ref> | |||
*Another approach is [[cognitive]] remediation [[therapy]], a technique aimed at remediating the [[neurocognitive deficit]]s sometimes present in [[schizophrenia]]. *Based on techniques of [[neuropsychological rehabilitation]], early evidence has shown it to be cognitively effective, with some improvements related to measurable changes in brain activation as measured by [[fMRI]].<ref name="fn_40">Wykes T, Brammer M, Mellers J, ''et al'' (2002). Effects on the brain of a psychological treatment: cognitive remediation therapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia. ''[[British Journal of Psychiatry]]'', 181, 144–52. PMID 12151286</ref> | |||
*A similar approach known as [[cognitive]] enhancement therapy, which focuses on social cognition as well as neurocognition, has shown efficacy.<ref>Hogarty GE, Flesher S, Ulrich R, Carter M, ''et al'' (2004). Cognitive enhancement therapy for schizophrenia: effects of a 2-year randomized trial on cognition and behavior. ''Arch Gen Psychiatry.'' Sep;61(9):866–76.PMID 15351765</ref> | |||
==Family Therapy and Other Therapies== | ==Family Therapy and Other Therapies== | ||
Family Therapy or [[Education]], which addresses the whole family system of an individual with a diagnosis of [[schizophrenia]], has been consistently found to be beneficial, at least if the duration of intervention is longer-term.<ref>McFarlane WR, Dixon L, Lukens E, Lucksted A (2003). Family psychoeducation and schizophrenia: a review of the literature. ''J Marital Fam Ther.'' Apr;29(2):223–45. PMID 12728780 </ref><ref>Glynn SM, Cohen AN, Niv N (2007). New challenges in family interventions for schizophrenia. '' Expert Rev Neurother.'' Jan;7(1):33–43. PMID 17187495</ref><ref>Pharoah F, Mari J, Rathbone J, Wong W. (2006) [http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000088.html Family intervention for schizophrenia] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4</ref> Aside from [[therapy]], the impact of [[schizophrenia]] on families and the burden on carers has been recognized, with the increasing availability of self-help books on the subject.<ref>{{cite book | author = Jones, S., Hayward, P. | title = Coping with Schizophrenia: A Guide for Patients, Families and Caregivers | publisher = Oneworld Pub. | date = 2004 | location = Oxford, England | id = ISBN 1-85168-344-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Torrey | first = EF | authorlink = E. Fuller Torrey | title = Surviving Schizophrenia: A Manual for Families, Consumers, and Providers (5th Edition) | publisher = HarperCollins | date = 2006 | id = ISBN 0-06-084259-8}}</ref> There is also some evidence for benefits from [[social skills training]], although there have also been significant negative findings.<ref>Kopelowicz A, Liberman RP, Zarate R (2006). Recent advances in social skills training for schizophrenia. ''[[Schizophrenia Bulletin]].'' 2006 Oct;32 Suppl 1:S12–23. PMID 16885207 </ref><ref>American Psychiatric Association (2004) Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia. Second Edition.</ref> Some [[Studies on Hysteria|studies]] have explored the possible benefits of music therapy and other creative [[Therapies for multiple sclerosis|therapies]].<ref>Talwar N, Crawford MJ, Maratos A, Nur U, McDermott O, Procter S (2006). Music therapy for in-patients with schizophrenia: Exploratory randomised controlled trial. ''The [[British Journal of Psychiatry]].'' Nov;189:405–9. PMID 17077429 [http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/abstract/189/5/405 Full text available.] </ref><ref>Ruddy R, Milnes D. (2005) [http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000088.html Art therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses.] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4</ref><ref>Ruddy RA, Dent-Brown K. (2007) [http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab005378.html Drama therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses.] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1.</ref> | *Family Therapy or [[Education]], which addresses the whole family system of an individual with a diagnosis of [[schizophrenia]], has been consistently found to be beneficial, at least if the duration of intervention is longer-term.<ref>McFarlane WR, Dixon L, Lukens E, Lucksted A (2003). Family psychoeducation and schizophrenia: a review of the literature. ''J Marital Fam Ther.'' Apr;29(2):223–45. PMID 12728780</ref><ref>Glynn SM, Cohen AN, Niv N (2007). New challenges in family interventions for schizophrenia. '' Expert Rev Neurother.'' Jan;7(1):33–43. PMID 17187495</ref><ref>Pharoah F, Mari J, Rathbone J, Wong W. (2006) [http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000088.html Family intervention for schizophrenia] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4</ref> | ||
*Aside from [[therapy]], the impact of [[schizophrenia]] on families and the burden on carers has been recognized, with the increasing availability of self-help books on the subject.<ref>{{cite book | author = Jones, S., Hayward, P. | title = Coping with Schizophrenia: A Guide for Patients, Families and Caregivers | publisher = Oneworld Pub. | date = 2004 | location = Oxford, England | id = ISBN 1-85168-344-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Torrey | first = EF | authorlink = E. Fuller Torrey | title = Surviving Schizophrenia: A Manual for Families, Consumers, and Providers (5th Edition) | publisher = HarperCollins | date = 2006 | id = ISBN 0-06-084259-8}}</ref> | |||
*There is also some evidence for benefits from [[social skills training]], although there have also been significant negative findings.<ref>Kopelowicz A, Liberman RP, Zarate R (2006). Recent advances in social skills training for schizophrenia. ''[[Schizophrenia Bulletin]].'' 2006 Oct;32 Suppl 1:S12–23. PMID 16885207 </ref><ref>American Psychiatric Association (2004) Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia. Second Edition.</ref> | |||
(Some [[Studies on Hysteria|studies]] have explored the possible benefits of music therapy and other creative [[Therapies for multiple sclerosis|therapies]].<ref>Talwar N, Crawford MJ, Maratos A, Nur U, McDermott O, Procter S (2006). Music therapy for in-patients with schizophrenia: Exploratory randomised controlled trial. ''The [[British Journal of Psychiatry]].'' Nov;189:405–9. PMID 17077429 [http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/abstract/189/5/405 Full text available.] </ref><ref>Ruddy R, Milnes D. (2005) [http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000088.html Art therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses.] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4</ref><ref>Ruddy RA, Dent-Brown K. (2007) [http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab005378.html Drama therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses.] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1.</ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:24, 15 August 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2] Irfan Dotani
Psychotherapy
- Psychotherapy is also widely recommended and used in the treatment of schizophrenia, although services may often be confined to pharmacotherapy because of reimbursement problems or lack of training.[1]
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is used to reduce symptoms and improve related issues such as self-esteem, social functioning, and insight.
- Although the results of early trials were inconclusive, more recent reviews suggest that CBT can be an effective treatment for the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.[2][3]
- Another approach is cognitive remediation therapy, a technique aimed at remediating the neurocognitive deficits sometimes present in schizophrenia. *Based on techniques of neuropsychological rehabilitation, early evidence has shown it to be cognitively effective, with some improvements related to measurable changes in brain activation as measured by fMRI.[4]
- A similar approach known as cognitive enhancement therapy, which focuses on social cognition as well as neurocognition, has shown efficacy.[5]
Family Therapy and Other Therapies
- Family Therapy or Education, which addresses the whole family system of an individual with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, has been consistently found to be beneficial, at least if the duration of intervention is longer-term.[6][7][8]
- Aside from therapy, the impact of schizophrenia on families and the burden on carers has been recognized, with the increasing availability of self-help books on the subject.[9][10]
- There is also some evidence for benefits from social skills training, although there have also been significant negative findings.[11][12]
(Some studies have explored the possible benefits of music therapy and other creative therapies.[13][14][15]
References
- ↑ Moran, M (2005). Psychosocial Treatment Often Missing From Schizophrenia Regimens. Psychiatr News November 18 2005, Volume 40, Number 22, page 24. Retrieved on 2007-05-17.
- ↑ Cormac I, Jones C, Campbell C (2002). Cognitive behaviour therapy for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of systematic reviews, (1), CD000524. PMID 11869579
- ↑ Zimmermann G, Favrod J, Trieu VH, Pomini V (2005). The effect of cognitive behavioral treatment on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 77, 1–9. PMID 16005380
- ↑ Wykes T, Brammer M, Mellers J, et al (2002). Effects on the brain of a psychological treatment: cognitive remediation therapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, 144–52. PMID 12151286
- ↑ Hogarty GE, Flesher S, Ulrich R, Carter M, et al (2004). Cognitive enhancement therapy for schizophrenia: effects of a 2-year randomized trial on cognition and behavior. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Sep;61(9):866–76.PMID 15351765
- ↑ McFarlane WR, Dixon L, Lukens E, Lucksted A (2003). Family psychoeducation and schizophrenia: a review of the literature. J Marital Fam Ther. Apr;29(2):223–45. PMID 12728780
- ↑ Glynn SM, Cohen AN, Niv N (2007). New challenges in family interventions for schizophrenia. Expert Rev Neurother. Jan;7(1):33–43. PMID 17187495
- ↑ Pharoah F, Mari J, Rathbone J, Wong W. (2006) Family intervention for schizophrenia Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4
- ↑ Jones, S., Hayward, P. (2004). Coping with Schizophrenia: A Guide for Patients, Families and Caregivers. Oxford, England: Oneworld Pub. ISBN 1-85168-344-5.
- ↑ Torrey, EF (2006). Surviving Schizophrenia: A Manual for Families, Consumers, and Providers (5th Edition). HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-084259-8.
- ↑ Kopelowicz A, Liberman RP, Zarate R (2006). Recent advances in social skills training for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. 2006 Oct;32 Suppl 1:S12–23. PMID 16885207
- ↑ American Psychiatric Association (2004) Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia. Second Edition.
- ↑ Talwar N, Crawford MJ, Maratos A, Nur U, McDermott O, Procter S (2006). Music therapy for in-patients with schizophrenia: Exploratory randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry. Nov;189:405–9. PMID 17077429 Full text available.
- ↑ Ruddy R, Milnes D. (2005) Art therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4
- ↑ Ruddy RA, Dent-Brown K. (2007) Drama therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 1.