Sarcoidosis causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Sarcoidosis}}
{{Sarcoidosis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}"Roshan Dinparasti Saleh M.D."


==Overview==
==Overview==
Please help WikiDoc by adding content here. It's easy!  Click  [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]]  to learn about editing.
Although sarcoidosis was first introduced as a clinical entity 140 years ago, the main cause of the disease remains elusive. The contributory factors are believed to be a combination of: antigens(environment), genetic factors, and the immune system.
 
==Causes==
==Causes==
Sarcoidosis involves a dysregulated immune response to environmental agents in a genetically susceptible host.


'''Immunological factors'''- The sarcoid granulomas indicate cell mediated immune response. Anergy to common skin test antigens like Candida and Tuberculosis purified protein derivative (PPD) is seen in sarcoidosis patient.It was demonstrated that the mycobacterial virulence factors, ESAT-6 and katG, when presented by DRB1*1101 are recognized by sarcoidosis CD4+ T cells.<ref name="pmid19536643">{{cite journal| author=Oswald-Richter K, Sato H, Hajizadeh R, Shepherd BE, Sidney J, Sette A et al.| title=Mycobacterial ESAT-6 and katG are recognized by sarcoidosis CD4+ T cells when presented by the American sarcoidosis susceptibility allele, DRB1*1101. | journal=J Clin Immunol | year= 2010 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 157-66 | pmid=19536643 | doi=10.1007/s10875-009-9311-y | pmc=PMC2821522 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19536643  }} </ref>


'''Drug side effect'''
'''Drug side effect'''
* [[Certolizumab pegol]]
* [[Certolizumab pegol]]
   
   
'''Environmental factors ''' - Several environmental exposures are believed to be associated with the risk for sarcoidosis:mold or mildew, musty odors at work, agricultural employment, and pesticide-using industries.
'''Environmental factors ''' - because sarcoidosis commonly involves lung, eyes, and skin, several environmental/occupational exposures are believed to be associated with the risk for sarcoidosis
# Rural setting, emmisions from wood-burning stove & firplace, tree pollen<ref>Bresnitz EA, Strom BL. Epidemiology of sarcoidosis. Epidemiol Rev 1983;5:124-56.</ref><ref>Kajdasz DK, Lackland DT, Mohr LC, Judson MA: A current assessment of rurally linked exposures as potential risk factors for sarcoidosis. Ann Epidemiol 11(2):111–117, 2001.</ref>
# Inorganic particles<ref>Rybicki BA, Amend KL, Maliarik MJ, Iannuzzi MC. Photocopier exposure and risk of    sarcoidosis in  African-American sibs. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2004;21:49-55.</ref>
# Pesticides<ref>Newman LS, Rose CS, Bresnitz EA, et al. A case control etiologic study of sarcoidosis: environmental and occupational risk factors. Am J  Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:1324-30.</ref>
# Mold exposure<ref>Kucera GP, Rybicki BA, Kirkey KL, et al. Occupational risk factors for  sarcoidosis in  African-American siblings. Chest
2003;123:1527-35</ref>
# Navy personnel<ref>Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, Kaiser K,  Travis WD, Centeno JA. Trends and occupational associations in  incidence of  hospitalized pulmonary sarcoidosis and other lung diseases in Navy personnel: a 27-year historical prospective study, 1975-2001. Chest 2004;126:1431-8</ref>
# Firefighters and first responders involved in World Trade Center disaster<ref>Prezant DJ, Dhala A, Goldstein A, et  al. The incidence, prevalence, and severity of sarcoidosis in  New York City firefighters. Chest 1999;116:1183-93.</ref><ref>Izbicki G, Chavko R, Banauch GI, et al: World Trade Center “sarcoidlike” granulomatous pulmonary disease in New York City Fire Department rescue workers. Chest 131(5):1414–1423, 2007.</ref><ref>Jordan HT, Stellman SD, Prezant D, et al: Sarcoidosis diagnosed after September 11, 2001, among adults exposed to the World Trade Center disaster. J Occup Environ Med 53(9):966–974, 2011.</ref><ref>Crowley LE, Herbert R, Moline JM, et al: “Sarcoid like” granulomatous
pulmonary disease in World Trade Center disaster responders. Am J Ind Med 54:175–184, 2011.</ref>
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


'''Genetic factors''' - Recent pangenomic studies highlight some regions of the genome such as 6p21 where are located important immune genes: MHC, BTNL2 and TNF-α . Sarcoidosis is more common and severe in blacks than whites.<ref name="pmid23461074">{{cite journal| author=Judson MA, Boan AD, Lackland DT| title=The clinical course of sarcoidosis: presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in a large white and black cohort in the United States. | journal=Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis | year= 2012 | volume= 29 | issue= 2 | pages= 119-27 | pmid=23461074 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23461074  }} </ref>It was recently found that non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1049550, within the annexin A11 (ANXA11) gene was associated with susceptibility to sarcoidosis<ref name="pmid23151485">{{cite journal| author=Levin AM, Iannuzzi MC, Montgomery CG, Trudeau S, Datta I, McKeigue P et al.| title=Association of ANXA11 genetic variation with sarcoidosis in African Americans and European Americans. | journal=Genes Immun | year= 2013 | volume= 14 | issue= 1 | pages= 13-8 | pmid=23151485 | doi=10.1038/gene.2012.48 | pmc=PMC3595044 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23151485  }} </ref>.Sarcoidosis likely results from an interplay of environmental and genetic factors.


'''Genetic factors''' -
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}

Revision as of 06:24, 23 March 2018

Sarcoidosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Sarcoidosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Sarcoidosis causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sarcoidosis causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Sarcoidosis causes

CDC on Sarcoidosis causes

Sarcoidosis causes in the news

Blogs on Sarcoidosis causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Sarcoidosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Sarcoidosis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: "Roshan Dinparasti Saleh M.D."

Overview

Although sarcoidosis was first introduced as a clinical entity 140 years ago, the main cause of the disease remains elusive. The contributory factors are believed to be a combination of: antigens(environment), genetic factors, and the immune system.

Causes

Drug side effect

Environmental factors - because sarcoidosis commonly involves lung, eyes, and skin, several environmental/occupational exposures are believed to be associated with the risk for sarcoidosis

  1. Rural setting, emmisions from wood-burning stove & firplace, tree pollen[1][2]
  2. Inorganic particles[3]
  3. Pesticides[4]
  4. Mold exposure[5]
  5. Navy personnel[6]
  6. Firefighters and first responders involved in World Trade Center disaster[7][8][9][10]





Genetic factors -

References

  1. Bresnitz EA, Strom BL. Epidemiology of sarcoidosis. Epidemiol Rev 1983;5:124-56.
  2. Kajdasz DK, Lackland DT, Mohr LC, Judson MA: A current assessment of rurally linked exposures as potential risk factors for sarcoidosis. Ann Epidemiol 11(2):111–117, 2001.
  3. Rybicki BA, Amend KL, Maliarik MJ, Iannuzzi MC. Photocopier exposure and risk of sarcoidosis in African-American sibs. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2004;21:49-55.
  4. Newman LS, Rose CS, Bresnitz EA, et al. A case control etiologic study of sarcoidosis: environmental and occupational risk factors. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2004;170:1324-30.
  5. Kucera GP, Rybicki BA, Kirkey KL, et al. Occupational risk factors for sarcoidosis in African-American siblings. Chest 2003;123:1527-35
  6. Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, Kaiser K, Travis WD, Centeno JA. Trends and occupational associations in incidence of hospitalized pulmonary sarcoidosis and other lung diseases in Navy personnel: a 27-year historical prospective study, 1975-2001. Chest 2004;126:1431-8
  7. Prezant DJ, Dhala A, Goldstein A, et al. The incidence, prevalence, and severity of sarcoidosis in New York City firefighters. Chest 1999;116:1183-93.
  8. Izbicki G, Chavko R, Banauch GI, et al: World Trade Center “sarcoidlike” granulomatous pulmonary disease in New York City Fire Department rescue workers. Chest 131(5):1414–1423, 2007.
  9. Jordan HT, Stellman SD, Prezant D, et al: Sarcoidosis diagnosed after September 11, 2001, among adults exposed to the World Trade Center disaster. J Occup Environ Med 53(9):966–974, 2011.
  10. Crowley LE, Herbert R, Moline JM, et al: “Sarcoid like” granulomatous pulmonary disease in World Trade Center disaster responders. Am J Ind Med 54:175–184, 2011.

Template:WH Template:WS