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===Indications for Aortic Valve Replacement===
===Indications for Aortic Valve Replacement===
'''Shown below is an algorithm depicting the indications for [[aortic valve replacement]] (AVR).  If the patient does not meet any of the decision pathways in the algorithm, regular monitoring is recommended and AVR is not indicated.'''
Shown below is an algorithm depicting the indications for [[aortic valve replacement]] (AVR) in aortic regurgitation.


{{Familytree/start}}
{{Familytree/start}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | A01= '''Abnormal aortic valve'''<br> '''AND''' <br>'''Reduction in systolic opening'''}}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{Family tree | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | B02 | | | | | | B01= '''Severe aortic stenosis:''' <br> '''V<sub>max</sub>≥4m/s'''<br> AND <br>'''ΔP<sub>mean</sub>≥40 mmHg''' | B02= '''V<sub>max</sub>3-3.9 m/s'''<br>AND <br>'''ΔP<sub>mean</sub>20-39 mmHg''' }}
{{Family tree | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{{Family tree | |,|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | }}
{{Family tree | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | C01= Is the patient symptomatic?| C02= Is the patient symptomatic?}}
{{Family tree | C01 | | | | | | | | | | C02 | | | | | | | | | | | | C03 | | | }}
{{Family tree |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | }}
{{Family tree | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | |,|-|^|-|.| | }}
{{Family tree | D01 | | | | | | D02 | | | | D03 | | | | D04 | | | D01= Yes<br> ''(Stage D1)''| D02= No <br> ''(Stage C)''| D03= Yes| D04= No<br> ''(Stage B)''}}
{{Family tree | |!| | | D01 | | D02 | | D03 | | D04 | | D05 | | D06 | | D07 | }}
{{Family tree |!| | | | | | | | |`|-|.| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | }}
{{Family tree | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | }}
{{Family tree |!| | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | }}
{{Family tree | E01 | | E02 | | E03 | | E04 | | E05 | | E06 | | E07 | | E08 | }}
{{Family tree |!|,|-|-|-|-|-|-| E01 |(| | | E02 | | | | E03 | | | E01= [[LVEF]] <50%<br> ''(Stage C2)''| E02= Is [[LVEF]] <50%?| E03= The patient is undergoing<br> another cardiac surgery}}
{{Family tree |!|!| | | | | | | | | |!| |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | }}
{{Family tree |!|!|,|-|-|-|-|-| F01 |(| F02 | | F03 | | |!| | | | F01= The patient is undergoing <br>another cardiac surgery | F02= Yes| F03= No}}
{{Family tree |!|!|!| | | | | | | | |!| |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{Family tree |!|!|!| | |,|-|-| G01 |(| G02 | | G03 | | |!| | | | G01= V<sub>max</sub>≥5m/s<br> AND <br>ΔP<sub>mean</sub>≥60 mmHg<br>''(Very severe stage C1)''<br> AND<br> Low surgical risk | G02= [[Dobutamine stress echocardiography]]: <br> Aortic valve area ≤1 cm<sup>2</sup> <br> AND <br> V<sub>max</sub>≥4 ms <br> ''(Stage D2)''| G03= Aortic valve area ≤1 cm<sup>2</sup> <br> AND <br> [[LVEF]] ≥50% <br> ''(Stage D3)''}}
{{Family tree |!|!|!| | |!| | | | | |!| |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{Family tree |!|!|!| | |!|,|-| H01 |(| |!| | | H02 | | |!| | | | H01= Abnormal exercise treadmill test | H02= The symptoms are likely<br> the result of the [[aortic stenosis]]}}
{{Family tree |!|!|!| | |!|!| | | | |!| |!| | | |!| | | |!| | }}
{{Family tree |!|!|!| | |!|!| | I01 |'| |!| | | |!| | | |!| | I01= ΔV<sub>max</sub>>0.3 m/s/y <br> AND <br> Low surgical risk }}
{{Family tree |!|!|!| | |!|!| | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | }}
{{Family tree | J01 | | J02 | | J03 | | J04 | | J05 | | J06 | J01= [[AVR]] ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]])| J02= [[AVR]] ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]])| J03= [[AVR]] ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]])| J04= [[AVR]] ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]])| J05= [[AVR]] ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]])| J06= [[AVR]] ([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]])}}
{{Family tree/end}}
{{Family tree/end}}
===Management of Hypertension===
Patients with aortic stenosis who are either in stage A, stage B, or stage C should be treated for hypertension (Class I; level of evidence B).

Revision as of 22:32, 20 July 2014

Indications for Aortic Valve Replacement

Shown below is an algorithm depicting the indications for aortic valve replacement (AVR) in aortic regurgitation.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ A01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ B01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ B02 }}}{{{ }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ C01 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ C02 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ C03 }}}
 
 
{{{ }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ D01 }}}
 
{{{ D02 }}}
 
{{{ D03 }}}
 
{{{ D04 }}}
 
{{{ D05 }}}
 
{{{ D06 }}}
 
{{{ D07 }}}
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
{{{ E01 }}}
 
{{{ E02 }}}
 
{{{ E03 }}}
 
{{{ E04 }}}
 
{{{ E05 }}}
 
{{{ E06 }}}
 
{{{ E07 }}}
 
{{{ E08 }}}