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2012 Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (DO NOT EDIT)

Long-term Treatment of Patients With PE

6.4. In patients with PE and active cancer, if there is a low or moderate bleeding risk, we recommend extended anticoagulant therapy over 3 months of therapy (Grade 1B), and if there is a high bleeding risk, we suggest extended anticoagulant therapy (Grade 2B).

Remarks: In all patients who receive extended anticoagulant therapy, the continuing use of treatment should be reassessed at periodic intervals (eg, annually).

6.5. In patients with PE who are treated with VKA, we recommend a therapeutic INR range of 2.0 to 3.0 (target INR of 2.5) over a lower (INR < 2) or higher (INR 3.0-5.0) range for all treatment durations (Grade 1B).

6.6. In patients with PE and no cancer, we suggest VKA therapy over LMWH for long-term therapy (Grade 2C). For patients with PE and no cancer who are not treated with VKA therapy, we suggest LMWH over dabigatran or rivaroxaban for long-term therapy (Grade 2C).

6.7. In patients with PE and cancer, we suggest LMWH over VKA therapy (Grade 2B). In patients with PE and cancer who are not treated with LMWH, we suggest VKA over dabigatran or rivaroxaban for long-term therapy (Grade 2C).

Patients Undergoing General, GI, Urological, Gynecologic, Bariatric, Vascular, Plastic, or Reconstructive Surgery

3.6.6. For high-VTE-risk patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery for cancer who are not otherwise at high risk for major bleeding complications, we recommend extended-duration pharmacologic prophylaxis (4 weeks) with LMWH over limited-duration prophylaxis (Grade 1B).

Patients With Cancer in the Outpatient Setting

4.2.1. In outpatients with cancer who have no additional risk factors for VTE, we suggest against routine prophylaxis with LMWH or LDUH (Grade 2B) and recommend against the prophylactic use of VKAs (Grade 1B).

Remarks: Additional risk factors for venous thrombosis in cancer outpatients include previous venous thrombosis, immobilization, hormonal therapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, thalidomide, and lenalidomide.

4.2.2. In outpatients with solid tumors who have additional risk factors for VTE and who are at low risk of bleeding, we suggest prophylactic-dose LMWH or LDUH over no prophylaxis (Grade 2B).

Remarks: Additional risk factors for venous thrombosis in cancer outpatients include previous venous thrombosis, immobilization, hormonal therapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, thalidomide, and lenalidomide.

4.4. In outpatients with cancer and indwelling central venous catheters, we suggest against routine prophylaxis with LMWH or LDUH (Grade 2B) and suggest against the prophylactic use of VKAs (Grade 2C).