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== Cryptorchidism ==
===Famous Cases===
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{MWH}}
The following are a few famous cases of narcolepsy:


'''''Synonyms and Keywords:''''' Cryptorchism; maldescended testis; ectopic testis; undescended testicle
*'''Jimmy Kimmel''', American late-night talk show host, actor, producer, comedian, and writer
*'''Harold M. Ickes''', former deputy White House chief of staff for President Bill Clinton and a leading figure in the His administration's [[healthcare]] reform initiative
*'''Arthur Lowe''', a British actor who played iconic Captain Mainwaring in the British sitcom ''Dad's Army''
*'''Nastassja Aglaia Kinski''', German actress, and former model
*'''George M. Church''', molecular geneticist, molecular engineer, and chemist, who is a Professor of Genetics and Professor of Health Sciences at Harvard
*'''Teresa Nielsen Hayden''', American science fiction editor, fanzine writer, and essayist who has a famous weblog, named Making Light
*'''Franck Bouyer''', French former road racing cyclist who was unable to compete or train without treatment with Modafinil
*'''Gabe Barham''', former Drummer for American post-hardcore band Sleeping With Sirens
*'''Jinkx Monsoon''' (real name is Jerick Hoffer), Seattle Drag Queen, stage performer, comedian and singer who is the winner of the fifth season of ''RuPaul's Drag Race''
*'''Aaron Flahavan''', former English (Portsmouth) football Goalkeeper
*'''Paul Gonsalves''', Jazz tenor saxophonist


== Historical Perspective ==
<br />__NOTOC__
'''''Cryptorchidism''''' is derived from the Greek words "crypto" (meaning "hidden") and "orchid" (meaning "testicle"). During the last century, cryptorchidism was sometimes restricted to the subset of undescended testes that were not palpable above the scrotum or in the inguinal canal — those that were truly hidden in the [[abdomen]] or completely absent. In recent decades the distinction is no longer made in most contexts, and the two terms are used interchangeably. ''Cryptorchism'' is an older variant of the same term.
 
== Pathophysiology ==
The testes begin as an immigration of primordial germ cells into testicular cords along the genital ridge in the abdomen of the early embryo.
 
A testis absent from the normal scrotal position can be:
 
* Found anywhere along the "path of descent" from high in the posterior (retroperitoneal) abdomen, just below the kidney, to the inguinal ring
* Found in the inguinal canal
* Ectopic, that is, found to have "wandered" from that path, usually outside the inguinal canal and sometimes even under the skin of the thigh, the perineum, the opposite scrotum, and femoral canal
* Found to be undeveloped (''hypoplastic'') or severely abnormal (''dysgenetic'')
* Found to have vanished (also see Anorchia)
 
About two thirds of cases without other abnormalities are unilateral; 1/3 involve both testes. In 90% of cases an undescended testis can be palpate (felt) in the inguinal canal; in a minority the testis or testes are in the abdomen or nonexistent (truly "hidden").
 
=== Associated Conditions[edit | edit source] ===
Cryptorchidism occurs at a much higher rate in a large number of  congenital malformation syndromes. Among the more common are:
 
* Cloacal exystrophy
* Noonan syndrome
* Prader- willi syndrome
 
== Causes ==

Latest revision as of 17:01, 14 August 2020

Famous Cases

The following are a few famous cases of narcolepsy:

  • Jimmy Kimmel, American late-night talk show host, actor, producer, comedian, and writer
  • Harold M. Ickes, former deputy White House chief of staff for President Bill Clinton and a leading figure in the His administration's healthcare reform initiative
  • Arthur Lowe, a British actor who played iconic Captain Mainwaring in the British sitcom Dad's Army
  • Nastassja Aglaia Kinski, German actress, and former model
  • George M. Church, molecular geneticist, molecular engineer, and chemist, who is a Professor of Genetics and Professor of Health Sciences at Harvard
  • Teresa Nielsen Hayden, American science fiction editor, fanzine writer, and essayist who has a famous weblog, named Making Light
  • Franck Bouyer, French former road racing cyclist who was unable to compete or train without treatment with Modafinil
  • Gabe Barham, former Drummer for American post-hardcore band Sleeping With Sirens
  • Jinkx Monsoon (real name is Jerick Hoffer), Seattle Drag Queen, stage performer, comedian and singer who is the winner of the fifth season of RuPaul's Drag Race
  • Aaron Flahavan, former English (Portsmouth) football Goalkeeper
  • Paul Gonsalves, Jazz tenor saxophonist


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