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Please start practicing here Polycystic ovary syndrome == Headline text == Introduction: PCOS is a problem with hormones that affects women during their childbearing years (ages 15 to 44). Between 2.2 and 26.7 percent of women in this age group have PCOS (1, 2Trusted Source).
Many women have PCOS but don’t know it. In one study, up to 70 percent of women with PCOS hadn’t been diagnosed (2Trusted Source).
PCOS affects a woman’s ovaries, the reproductive organs that produce estrogen and progesterone — hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. The ovaries also produce a small amount of male hormones called androgens.
The ovaries release eggs to be fertilized by a man’s sperm. The release of an egg each month is called ovulation.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) control ovulation. FSH stimulates the ovary to produce a follicle — a sac that contains an egg — and then LH triggers the ovary to release a mature egg.
== Headline text == Symptoms: .irregular periods or no periods at all. .difficulty getting pregnant (because of irregular ovulation or failure to ovulate) .excessive hair growth (hirsutism) – usually on the face, chest, back or buttocks. .weight gain. .thinning hair and hair loss from the head. .oily skin or acne.
== Headline text == Causes:Doctors don't know exactly what causes PCOS. They believe that high levels of male hormones prevent the ovaries from producing hormones and making eggs normally. Genes, insulin resistance, and inflammation have all been linked to excess androgen production.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Symptoms, Causes, and ...www.healthline.com › health › polycystic-ovary-disease
== Headline text == Diagnosis: There's no test to definitively diagnose PCOS. Your doctor is likely to start with a discussion of your medical history, including your menstrual periods and weight changes. A physical exam will include checking for signs of excess hair growth, insulin resistance and acne.
Your doctor might then recommend:
A pelvic exam. The doctor visually and manually inspects your reproductive organs for masses, growths or other abnormalities. Blood tests. Your blood may be analyzed to measure hormone levels. This testing can exclude possible causes of menstrual abnormalities or androgen excess that mimics PCOS. You might have additional blood testing to measure glucose tolerance and fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels. An ultrasound. Your doctor checks the appearance of your ovaries and the thickness of the lining of your uterus. A wandlike device (transducer) is placed in your vagina (transvaginal ultrasound). The transducer emits sound waves that are translated into images on a computer screen. If you have a diagnosis of PCOS, your doctor might recommend additional tests for complications. Those tests can include:
.Periodic checks of blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and cholesterol and triglyceride levels .Screening for depression and anxiety .Screening for obstructive sleep apnea
== Headline text == Treatment:Treatments include birth control pills to regularize periods, a medication called metformin to prevent diabetes, statins to control high cholesterol, hormones to increase fertility, and procedures to remove excess hair.
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