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==[[Dizziness overview|Overview]]==
[[Dizziness]] is a sensation of postural unsteadiness or deceptive motion. It is one of the most communal presenting complaints that accounts for 5% of primary care practice for individuals aged 65 or older. [[Dizziness]] is a nonspecific term mainly used by many people and is classified into different categories: [[vertigo]], [[spinning]], disequilibrium, giddiness, [[presyncope]], [[faintness]], [[lightheadedness]], or feeling woozy.


[[File:Edema.jpg|200px|thumb|center|source:radiopedia]]
==[[Dizziness definition|Definition]]==


==[[Dizziness causes|Causes]]==
Common causes of dizziness may include<ref name="pmid21570240">{{cite journal| author=Kim AS, Sidney S, Klingman JG, Johnston SC| title=Practice variation in neuroimaging to evaluate dizziness in the ED. | journal=Am J Emerg Med | year= 2012 | volume= 30 | issue= 5 | pages= 665-72 | pmid=21570240 | doi=10.1016/j.ajem.2011.02.038 | pmc=4560264 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21570240  }} </ref><ref name="pmid18460956">{{cite journal| author=Keleş A, Demircan A, Kurtoğlu G| title=Carbon monoxide poisoning: how many patients do we miss? | journal=Eur J Emerg Med | year= 2008 | volume= 15 | issue= 3 | pages= 154-7 | pmid=18460956 | doi=10.1097/MEJ.0b013e3282efd519 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18460956  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23142830">{{cite journal| author=Lempert T, Olesen J, Furman J, Waterston J, Seemungal B, Carey J | display-authors=etal| title=Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria. | journal=J Vestib Res | year= 2012 | volume= 22 | issue= 4 | pages= 167-72 | pmid=23142830 | doi=10.3233/VES-2012-0453 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23142830  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8367748">{{cite journal| author=Gilbert VE| title=Immediate orthostatic hypotension: diagnostic value in acutely ill patients. | journal=South Med J | year= 1993 | volume= 86 | issue= 9 | pages= 1028-32 | pmid=8367748 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8367748  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15820968">{{cite journal| author=Lawson J, Johnson I, Bamiou DE, Newton JL| title=Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: clinical characteristics of dizzy patients referred to a Falls and Syncope Unit. | journal=QJM | year= 2005 | volume= 98 | issue= 5 | pages= 357-64 | pmid=15820968 | doi=10.1093/qjmed/hci057 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15820968  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12369019">{{cite journal| author=Sarasin FP, Louis-Simonet M, Carballo D, Slama S, Junod AF, Unger PF| title=Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension among patients presenting with syncope in the ED. | journal=Am J Emerg Med | year= 2002 | volume= 20 | issue= 6 | pages= 497-501 | pmid=12369019 | doi=10.1053/ajem.2002.34964 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12369019  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26231273">{{cite journal| author=Newman-Toker DE, Edlow JA| title=TiTrATE: A Novel, Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosing Acute Dizziness and Vertigo. | journal=Neurol Clin | year= 2015 | volume= 33 | issue= 3 | pages= 577-99, viii | pmid=26231273 | doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2015.04.011 | pmc=4522574 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26231273  }} </ref>:
*[[Hypotension]]
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Hypoglycemia]]
*[[Arrhythmias]]
*[[Stroke]]
*[[Labyrinthitis]]
*[[Meniere's disease]]
===Medications===
* [[Atropine]]
* [[Diphenhydramine]]
* [[Romiplostim]]


Syncope is classified into three categories:<ref name="WhittakerBamford2020">{{cite journal|last1=Whittaker|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Bamford|first2=Alasdair|last3=Kenny|first3=Julia|last4=Kaforou|first4=Myrsini|last5=Jones|first5=Christine E.|last6=Shah|first6=Priyen|last7=Ramnarayan|first7=Padmanabhan|last8=Fraisse|first8=Alain|last9=Miller|first9=Owen|last10=Davies|first10=Patrick|last11=Kucera|first11=Filip|last12=Brierley|first12=Joe|last13=McDougall|first13=Marilyn|last14=Carter|first14=Michael|last15=Tremoulet|first15=Adriana|last16=Shimizu|first16=Chisato|last17=Herberg|first17=Jethro|last18=Burns|first18=Jane C.|last19=Lyall|first19=Hermione|last20=Levin|first20=Michael|title=Clinical Characteristics of 58 Children With a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2|journal=JAMA|year=2020|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.2020.10369}}</ref><ref name="pmid24223233">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berecki-Gisolf J, Sheldon A, Wieling W, van Dijk N, Costantino G, Furlan R, Shen WK, Sheldon R |title=Identifying cardiac syncope based on clinical history: a literature-based model tested in four independent datasets |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=e75255 |date=2013 |pmid=24223233 |pmc=3815402 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0075255 |url=}}</ref>
==[[Dizziness differential diagnosis|Differentiating Dizziness from other Diseases]]==
[[Vertigo]] | [[Presyncope]] | [[Disequilibrium]] | [[Psychogenic dizziness]]


* Cardiac
[[Image:Dizziness.png|550px]]
* Neurogenic
* Vasovagal


==[[Dizziness risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
Common risk factors in the development of dizziness include<ref name="pmid23385126">{{cite journal| author=Rosin C, Bingisser R| title=[Not Available]. | journal=Ther Umsch | year= 2013 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 27-9 | pmid=23385126 | doi=10.1024/0040-5930/a000359 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23385126  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24347974">{{cite journal| author=Chimirri S, Aiello R, Mazzitello C, Mumoli L, Palleria C, Altomonte M | display-authors=etal| title=Vertigo/dizziness as a Drugs' adverse reaction. | journal=J Pharmacol Pharmacother | year= 2013 | volume= 4 | issue= Suppl 1 | pages= S104-9 | pmid=24347974 | doi=10.4103/0976-500X.120969 | pmc=3853661 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24347974  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24057830">{{cite journal| author=Shill HA, Fife TD| title=Causes of imbalance and abnormal gait that may be misdiagnosed. | journal=Semin Neurol | year= 2013 | volume= 33 | issue= 3 | pages= 270-5 | pmid=24057830 | doi=10.1055/s-0033-1354601 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24057830  }} </ref>:
* Family history of [[thromboembolic]] factors ([[diabetes]], [[hypertension]], [[high cholesterol]], and [[rheumatic disease]])
* [[Cardiac arrhythmias]]
* [[Stroke]]
* Medication side effect ([[diuretics]], [[antiepileptic]] drugs, [[opioid]]-based [[analgesics]], [[antipsychotic]] drugs, [[antidepressants]], [[antihypertensive]], [[antifungal]], [[lithium]], [[benzodiazepines]], [[antiarrhythmic]], [[antimalarial]] and [[anti-HIV-drugs]].
* [[Multiple sclerosis]]
* [[Seizures]]
* [[Brain tumors]]
* [[Benign positional vertigo]]
* [[Labyrinthitis]]


==[[Dizziness natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


[[File:Lhermitte-duclos-cowden-syndrome.jpg|200px|thumb|center|Case courtesy of Dr Sinéad Culleton , Radiopaedia.org, rID: 40791]]
==Diagnosis==
[[Dizziness history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Dizziness physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Dizziness laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Dizziness electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Dizziness CT|CT]] | [[Dizziness MRI|MRI]] | [[Dizziness echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Dizziness other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Dizziness other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]


==Treatment==
[[Dizziness medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Dizziness surgery|Surgery]] | [[Dizziness primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Dizziness secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Dizziness cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Dizziness future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


<br />
[[Category:Neurology]]
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Syncope is classified to three subtypes:<ref name="DoganFaruk Bayrak2015">{{cite journal|last1=Dogan|first1=Hasan|last2=Faruk Bayrak|first2=Omer|last3=Emet|first3=Mucahit|last4=Keles|first4=Mustafa|last5=Gulluoglu|first5=Sukru|last6=Gul|first6=Zeynep|last7=Pirim|first7=Ibrahim|title=Familial Mediterranean fever gene mutations in north-eastern part of Anatolia with special respect to rare mutations|journal=Gene|volume=568|issue=2|year=2015|pages=170–175|issn=03781119|doi=10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.045}}</ref><ref name="pmid24223233">{{cite journal |vauthors=Berecki-Gisolf J, Sheldon A, Wieling W, van Dijk N, Costantino G, Furlan R, Shen WK, Sheldon R |title=Identifying cardiac syncope based on clinical history: a literature-based model tested in four independent datasets |journal=PLoS ONE |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=e75255 |date=2013 |pmid=24223233 |pmc=3815402 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0075255 |url=}}</ref>
 
*[[Cardiac]]
*[[Neurogenic]]
*[[Vasovagal syncope|Vasovagal]]
 
===Pathogenesis===
*The [[pathogenesis]] of xyz syndrome is as follows:
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==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

Revision as of 16:34, 24 April 2021

Overview

Dizziness is a sensation of postural unsteadiness or deceptive motion. It is one of the most communal presenting complaints that accounts for 5% of primary care practice for individuals aged 65 or older. Dizziness is a nonspecific term mainly used by many people and is classified into different categories: vertigo, spinning, disequilibrium, giddiness, presyncope, faintness, lightheadedness, or feeling woozy.

Definition

Causes

Common causes of dizziness may include[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]:

Medications

Differentiating Dizziness from other Diseases

Vertigo | Presyncope | Disequilibrium | Psychogenic dizziness

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of dizziness include[8][9][10]:

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | CT | MRI | Echocardiography | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies Template:WH Template:WS

  1. ↑ Kim AS, Sidney S, Klingman JG, Johnston SC (2012). "Practice variation in neuroimaging to evaluate dizziness in the ED". Am J Emerg Med. 30 (5): 665–72. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2011.02.038. PMC 4560264. PMID 21570240.
  2. ↑ Keleş A, Demircan A, Kurtoğlu G (2008). "Carbon monoxide poisoning: how many patients do we miss?". Eur J Emerg Med. 15 (3): 154–7. doi:10.1097/MEJ.0b013e3282efd519. PMID 18460956.
  3. ↑ Lempert T, Olesen J, Furman J, Waterston J, Seemungal B, Carey J; et al. (2012). "Vestibular migraine: diagnostic criteria". J Vestib Res. 22 (4): 167–72. doi:10.3233/VES-2012-0453. PMID 23142830.
  4. ↑ Gilbert VE (1993). "Immediate orthostatic hypotension: diagnostic value in acutely ill patients". South Med J. 86 (9): 1028–32. PMID 8367748.
  5. ↑ Lawson J, Johnson I, Bamiou DE, Newton JL (2005). "Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: clinical characteristics of dizzy patients referred to a Falls and Syncope Unit". QJM. 98 (5): 357–64. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hci057. PMID 15820968.
  6. ↑ Sarasin FP, Louis-Simonet M, Carballo D, Slama S, Junod AF, Unger PF (2002). "Prevalence of orthostatic hypotension among patients presenting with syncope in the ED". Am J Emerg Med. 20 (6): 497–501. doi:10.1053/ajem.2002.34964. PMID 12369019.
  7. ↑ Newman-Toker DE, Edlow JA (2015). "TiTrATE: A Novel, Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosing Acute Dizziness and Vertigo". Neurol Clin. 33 (3): 577–99, viii. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.04.011. PMC 4522574. PMID 26231273.
  8. ↑ Rosin C, Bingisser R (2013). "[Not Available]". Ther Umsch. 70 (1): 27–9. doi:10.1024/0040-5930/a000359. PMID 23385126.
  9. ↑ Chimirri S, Aiello R, Mazzitello C, Mumoli L, Palleria C, Altomonte M; et al. (2013). "Vertigo/dizziness as a Drugs' adverse reaction". J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 4 (Suppl 1): S104–9. doi:10.4103/0976-500X.120969. PMC 3853661. PMID 24347974.
  10. ↑ Shill HA, Fife TD (2013). "Causes of imbalance and abnormal gait that may be misdiagnosed". Semin Neurol. 33 (3): 270–5. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1354601. PMID 24057830.
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