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== Algorithms ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 |A01='''Gastroenteritis'''}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
{{familytree | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B03 |B01='''Viral'''|B02='''Bacterial'''|B03='''Parasites'''}}
{{familytree | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | | | | C03 | | | | | | | | | | | | | C04 | | | | | C05 | | C06 |C01=Common|C02=Less Common|C03=Common|C04=Less Common|C05=Helminthic|C06=Protozoal}}
{{familytree | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | D01 | | D02 | | | | D03 | | | | | | D04 | | | | | | D05 | | | | D06 | | D07 | | D08 |D01= •[[Rotavirus infection|Rotavirus]]<br>•[[Norovirus infection|Norovirus]]<br>•Enteric [[Adenovirus]]<br>•[[Astroviruses]] |D02= •Kobuviruses <br>•[[Enterovirus]] <br>•[[Orthoreovirus]] <br>•Torovirus <br>•[[Coronavirus]] <br>(including SARS) <br>•[[Parvovirus]] |D03=Gram Positive|D04=Gram Negative|D05=Gram Positive|D06=Gram Negative | D07= •[[Trichinella spiralis]]<br>•[[Whipworm infection|Trichuris trichiura]]<br>•[[Strongyloidiasis|Strongyloides stercoralis]]<br>•[[Taenia solium]]<br>•[[Taenia saginata]] <br>•[[Diphyllobothrium|Diphyllobothrium latum]]<br>•[[Schistosomiasis|Schistosoma mansoni]]|D08= •[[Giardiasis|Giardia lamblia]] <br>•[[Amoebiasis|Entamoeba histolytica]]‡<br>•[[Cryptosporidiosis|Cryptosporidium parvum]] <br>•[[Cyclosporiasis|Cyclospora cayetanensis]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | | | | | | | | E01 | | | E02 | | | | E03 | | | E04 | | | | E05 | |E01= •[[Clostridium perfringens]]<br>•[[Clostridium difficile infection|Clostridium difficile]] | E02=Dysenteric diarreha | E03= Watery diarrhea |E04=• [[Bacillus cereus]] <br> •[[Listeriosis|Listeria monocytogenes]] | E05= •[[Bacteroides fragilis]] <br>•[[Aeromonas hydrophila]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | | F02 | | F01=•[[Shigellosis|Shigella ''sp.'']], •[[Campylobacter|Campylobacter ''sp.'']]|F02= •[[Escherichia coli enteritis|Escherichia coli]] <br>(ETEC, EPEC, EHEC, EAEC, EIEC)<br>•[[Salmonellosis|Salmonella ''sp.''†]]<br>•[[Yersinia enterocolitica infection|Yersinia enterocolitica]]†<br>•[[Cholera|Vibrio ''sp.'']] }}
{{familytree/end}}
[[image:512px-Jaundice08.jpg|thumb|350px|center| Elderly Male with jaundice from pancreatic cancer, By James Heilman, MD (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons <ref name="urlFile:Jaundice08.jpg - Wikimedia Commons">{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AJaundice08.jpg |title=File:Jaundice08.jpg - Wikimedia Commons |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>]]
[[image:512px-Jaundice08.jpg|thumb|350px|center| Elderly Male with jaundice from pancreatic cancer, By James Heilman, MD (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons <ref name="urlFile:Jaundice08.jpg - Wikimedia Commons">{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AJaundice08.jpg |title=File:Jaundice08.jpg - Wikimedia Commons |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>]]


Revision as of 18:42, 16 January 2018

Algorithms

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gastroenteritis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Viral
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bacterial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Parasites
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
 
Less Common
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less Common
 
 
 
 
Helminthic
 
Protozoal
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•Rotavirus
•Norovirus
•Enteric Adenovirus
•Astroviruses
 
•Kobuviruses
•Enterovirus
•Orthoreovirus
•Torovirus
•Coronavirus
(including SARS)
•Parvovirus
 
 
 
Gram Positive
 
 
 
 
 
Gram Negative
 
 
 
 
 
Gram Positive
 
 
 
Gram Negative
 
•Trichinella spiralis
•Trichuris trichiura
•Strongyloides stercoralis
•Taenia solium
•Taenia saginata
•Diphyllobothrium latum
•Schistosoma mansoni
 
•Giardia lamblia
•Entamoeba histolytica‡
•Cryptosporidium parvum
•Cyclospora cayetanensis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•Clostridium perfringens
•Clostridium difficile
 
 
Dysenteric diarreha
 
 
 
Watery diarrhea
 
 
• Bacillus cereus
•Listeria monocytogenes
 
 
 
•Bacteroides fragilis
•Aeromonas hydrophila
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
•Shigella sp., •Campylobacter sp.
 
 
 
•Escherichia coli
(ETEC, EPEC, EHEC, EAEC, EIEC)
•Salmonella sp.†
•Yersinia enterocolitica†
•Vibrio sp.
 
Elderly Male with jaundice from pancreatic cancer, By James Heilman, MD (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons [1]



Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dildar Hussain, MBBS [2]


Overview

The Spleen is the most common affected organ in the abdomen as a consequence of trauma to the abdomen.The trauma can be due to number of reasons such as road traffic accidents,falls and domestic violence.There are a number of non traumatic reasons of splenic rupture due to an underlying pathology.

Classification

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Common casuses

The most common Cause of the splenic rupture remains blunt trauma to the abdomen.The other common causes of splenic rupture includes.[2]

  • Neoplasms
  • Infections
  • Non Infectious
  • Therapy related
  • Mechanical Causes


Less common causes

The less common causes of splenic rupture are difficult to diagnose and can be threatening. Some less common causes of splenic rupture are as follows:

  • Autologus stem cell transplantation in AL Amyloidosis patients[3]

Differentiating Splenic Rupture from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-Ray

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

References

  1. ↑ "File:Jaundice08.jpg - Wikimedia Commons". External link in |title= (help)
  2. ↑ Renzulli P, Hostettler A, Schoepfer AM, Gloor B, Candinas D (2009). "Systematic review of atraumatic splenic rupture". Br J Surg. 96 (10): 1114–21. doi:10.1002/bjs.6737. PMID 19787754.
  3. ↑ Sato S, Tamai Y, Okada S, Kannbe E, Takeda K, Tanaka E (2017). "Atraumatic Splenic Rupture due to Ectopic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with AL Amyloidosis". Intern Med. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.9018-17. PMID 29093392.
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