Sandbox:Chandra: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CK}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CK}}
==Causes==
== central cyanosis causes==


*'''Conditions associated with decreased concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2):'''
*'''Conditions associated with decreased concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2):'''
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**Carbon monoxide poisoning
**Carbon monoxide poisoning
**Hydrogen cyanide poisoning
**Hydrogen cyanide poisoning
**Intentional or unintensional exposure to asphyxiating gases (eg: Propane, methane, butane, hydrogen sulphide)
**Intentional or unintensional exposure to asphyxiating gases (eg, Propane, methane, butane, hydrogen sulphide)
*'''Decresed atmospheric pressure: High altitude'''
*'''Decresed atmospheric pressure: High altitude'''
*'''Disorders associated with impairment of chest wall or lung expansion:'''
*'''Disorders associated with impairment of chest wall or lung expansion:'''
Line 96: Line 96:
**Hemoglobin mutations with low oxygen affinity: Hb Kansas. Hb Beth israel, Hb Saint Mande, Hb Bruxells
**Hemoglobin mutations with low oxygen affinity: Hb Kansas. Hb Beth israel, Hb Saint Mande, Hb Bruxells
**Polycythemia
**Polycythemia
*Brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE)  
*Brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE)
 
 
 
*Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of [[disease name]], however complications resulting from untreated [[disease name]] is common.
*Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
*[Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].
 
===Common Causes===
[Disease name] may be caused by:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]
 
 
OR
 
 
*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
 
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of [[disease name]] include:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]
 
===Genetic Causes===
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
 
===Causes by Organ System===
 
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
|-
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
{{columns-list|3|
* Cause 1
* Cause 2
* Cause 3
* Cause 4
* Cause 5
* Cause 6
* Cause 7
* Cause 8
* Cause 9
* Cause 10
}}
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
[[Category: (name of the system)]]

Revision as of 19:36, 20 February 2018


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

central cyanosis causes

  • Conditions associated with decreased concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2):
    • Smoke inhalation most commonly from house fires
    • Carbon monoxide poisoning
    • Hydrogen cyanide poisoning
    • Intentional or unintensional exposure to asphyxiating gases (eg, Propane, methane, butane, hydrogen sulphide)
  • Decresed atmospheric pressure: High altitude
  • Disorders associated with impairment of chest wall or lung expansion:
    • External compression
    • Pneumothorax
    • Hemothorax
    • Flail chest
  • Hypoventilation:
    • Upper airway obstruction:
      • Foreign body aspiration
      • Pertussis/Croup
      • Epiglottitis
      • Tracheitis mostly bacterial
      • Traumatic disruption (burns, fractures)
      • Congenital airway abnormalities:
        • Choanal atresia
        • Laryngotracheomalacia
        • Macroglossia
        • Micrognathia or retrognathia (eg, Pierre-Robin syndrome)
    • Neurologic abnormalities:
      • CNS depression
      • Severe head trauma
      • Apnea of prematurity
      • Infections (eg, meningitis, encephalitis)
      • Intraventricular hemorrhage
      • Seizures
      • Cyanotic breath holding spells
      • Coma
    • Neuromuscular disorders:
      • Myasthenia gravis
      • Injury to the phrenic nerve
      • Type 1 spinal muscular dystrophy (Wernig-Hoffman disease)
    • Metabolic disorders:
      • Severe hypoglycemia
      • In born errors of metabolism
  • Ventilation/perfusion mismatch:
    • Asthma
    • Pulmonary embolism
    • Atelectasis
    • Alveolar capillary dysplasia
    • emphysema or COPD
    • Pulmonary edema
    • Pulmonary hypoplasia
    • Pulmonary hemorrhage
    • Respiratory distress syndrome (Hyaline membrane disease)
    • Transient tachypnea of the newborn
  • Conditions causing impaired oxygen diffusion:
    • Pulmonary fibrosis
    • Pulmonary edema
  • Pneumonia
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Empyema
  • Circulatory causes:
    • Cyanotic congenital heart diseases (Right to left shunts):
      • Decreased pulmonary flow:
        • Tetralogy of fallot
        • Tricuspid valve anomalies
          • Tricuspid atresia
          • Tricuspid stenosis
          • Ebstein's anomaly
        • Pulmonary stenosis (critical valvular)
        • Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
      • Increased pulmonary flow:
        • TGA (Transposition of great arteries, most common dextro type)
        • Truncus arteriosus
        • TAPVC (Total anamalous pulmonary venous connection)
      • Heart failure: Condition that present with cyanosis and severe heart failure include:
        • Left sided obstructive lesion (HLHS)
        • Coarctation of aorta
        • Critical valvular aortic stenosis
    • Eisenmenger syndrome
    • Pulmonary causes:
      • Pulmonary hypertension
      • Pulmonary edema
      • Pulmonary hemorrhage
      • Pulmonary embolism
      • Pulmonary arterio venous malformations
      • Multiple small intrapulmonary shunts
    • Shock
    • Sepsis
    • Acute chest syndrome
  • Hematologic abnormalities:
    • Methemoglobinemia (congenital or acquired)
    • Sulfhemoglobinemia (acquired)
    • Hemoglobin mutations with low oxygen affinity: Hb Kansas. Hb Beth israel, Hb Saint Mande, Hb Bruxells
    • Polycythemia
  • Brief resolved unexplained events (BRUE)
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