Sandbox:Chandra

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

• Conditions associated with decreased concentration of inspired oxygen (FiO2):
  • Smoke inhalation most commonly from house fires
  • Carbon monoxide poisoing
  • Hydrogen cyanide poisoning
  • Intentional or unintensional exposure to asphyxiating gases (eg: Propane, methane, butane, hydrogen sulphide)
• Disorders associated with impairment of chestwall or lung expansion:
  • External compression
  • Pneumothorax
  • Hemothorax
  • Flail chest
• Inrinsic lung diseases:
  • Ventilation/perfusion mismatch:
    • Asthma
    • Pulmonary embolism
    • Atelectasis
    • Alveolar capillary dysplasia
    • emphysema or COPD
    • Pulmonary edema
    • Pulmonary hypoplasia
    • Pulmonary hemorrhage
    • Respiratory distress syndrome (Hyaline membrane disease)
    • Transient tachypnea of the newborn
  • Conditions causing impaired oxygen diffusion:
    • Pulmonary fibrosis
    • Pulmonary edema
  • Hypoventilation:
    • Upper airway obstruction:
      • Foreign body aspiration
      • Pertussis/Croup
      • Epiglottitis
      • Tracheitis
      • Traumatic disruption (laryngeal fracture, burn)
    • Congenital airway abnormalities:
      • Choanal atresia Hypoventilation
      • Laryngotracheomalacia
      • Macroglossia
      • Micrognathia or retrognathia (eg, Pierre-Robin syndrome)
    • Neurologic abnormalities:
      • CNS depression
      • Apnea of prematurity
      • Infections (eg, meningitis, encephalitis)
      • Intraventricular hemorrhage
      • Seizures
    • Neuromuscular disorder
      • Myasthenia gravis
      • Injury to the phrenic nerve
      • Type 1 spinal muscular dystrophy (Wernig-Hoffman disease)
  • Pneumonia
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Empyema
• Circulatory causes:
  • Congenital heart disease:

• Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
• Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
• [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

[Disease name] may be caused by:

• [Cause1]
• [Cause2]
• [Cause3]

OR

• [Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
• [Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of disease name include:

• [Cause1]
• [Cause2]
• [Cause3]

Genetic Causes

• [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.

The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.

3