Sandbox:Aditya: Difference between revisions

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*Mental retardation
*Mental retardation
*Gastroesophageal reflux disease
*Gastroesophageal reflux disease
==Causes==
'''Common causes''' 
*Dental/peridental infections
*Paranasal sinuses
*Alcoholism
*Seuizre disorder
*Patients on artificial ventilation
*patients with tracheoastmy tube
*Intubated patients
*infective endocarditis
*Abdominal sepsis
*IV drug abuse
*Septic thromboembolism
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Gingivo-dental sepsis ,Dental/peridental infections
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Paranasal sinusitis
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Diabetis Mellitus
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| GERD,Gastro and esophageal surgeries,
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Abdominal Sepsis,Infective endocarditis;HIV-AIDS
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Seizure disorder,Coma,altered level of consciousness
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Bronchiectasis;Cystic fibrosis;Bullous emphysema;Bronchial obstruction by tumor, foreign body or
enlarged lymph nodes;Congenital malformations (pulmonary sequestration,
vasculitis, cystitis);Infected pulmonary infarcts;Pulmonary contusion;Broncho-oesophageal fistula.
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Immunosuppresents ,corticosteroid therapy
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|}

Revision as of 19:04, 23 January 2017

Classification

Based on duration

  • Acute : If symptoms are present for less than 6 weeks before presenting to medical care.[1]
  • Chronic : If symptoms persist for more than 6 weeks

Based on Etiology

Primary[2] : When Abscess develops among patients who were healthy previously or with high risk factors such as those prone for aspiration

  • Aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions
  • Immunodeficiency conditions like HIV
  • Necrotizing pneumonitis

Secondary : When abscess develops among patients with an underlying lung abnormality

  • Bronchial obstruction
  • Hematogenic dissemination
  • Infection spread from mediastinum
  • Coexisting Lung Diseases

Based on mode of spread

Bronchiogenic

  • Aspiration of Oropharyngeal secretions
  • Bronchial obstruction by Tumor
  • Foreign body, Congenital Malformations and Enlarged LymphNodes

Hematogenic

  • Infective endocarditis
  • Abdominal Sepsis
  • Septic Thromboembolism

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of lung abscess are

Common Risk Factors

  • Alcoholism
  • Seizer disorder
  • Artificial ventilation
  • Coma
  • Neuromuscular disorders with bulbar dysfunction
  • Nocturnal Aspiration /Inability to cough
  • Bronchial obstruction
  • Gingivo-dental sepsis
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Immunosuppression

Less Common Risk factors

  • Drug abuse
  • Malnutrition
  • Mental retardation
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Causes

Common causes

  • Dental/peridental infections
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Alcoholism
  • Seuizre disorder
  • Patients on artificial ventilation
  • patients with tracheoastmy tube
  • Intubated patients
  • infective endocarditis
  • Abdominal sepsis
  • IV drug abuse
  • Septic thromboembolism


Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental Gingivo-dental sepsis ,Dental/peridental infections
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat Paranasal sinusitis
Endocrine Diabetis Mellitus
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic GERD,Gastro and esophageal surgeries,
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Abdominal Sepsis,Infective endocarditis;HIV-AIDS
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic Seizure disorder,Coma,altered level of consciousness
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Bronchiectasis;Cystic fibrosis;Bullous emphysema;Bronchial obstruction by tumor, foreign body or

enlarged lymph nodes;Congenital malformations (pulmonary sequestration, vasculitis, cystitis);Infected pulmonary infarcts;Pulmonary contusion;Broncho-oesophageal fistula.

Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Immunosuppresents ,corticosteroid therapy
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes
  1. ↑ Puligandla PS, Laberge JM (2008). "Respiratory infections: pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema". Semin. Pediatr. Surg. 17 (1): 42–52. doi:10.1053/j.sempedsurg.2007.10.007. PMID 18158141.
  2. ↑ Wali SO (2012). "An update on the drainage of pyogenic lung abscesses". Ann Thorac Med. 7 (1): 3–7. doi:10.4103/1817-1737.91552. PMC 3277038. PMID 22347342.
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