Roseola natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Natural history, complications and prognosis

Natural history

• The symptoms of roseola usually starts in the first 2 years of life of an infant. It starts as a high fever 40ºC (104ºF) which lasts for 3 to 5 days, as the fever abates, the child develops a non pruritic blanching papular or maculopapular rash that starts on the neck and progresses downward.
• The rash usually lasts for one or two days but may sometimes disappear within a couple of hours..
• Roseola is a self limiting disease, if left untreated in most of the cases it resolves without any sequalae. However, in some rare cases such as child with congenital immunological supression, it may lead to encephalitis and eventually death.

Complications

Roseola is usually benign and self limited. However patients with HIV or immunosuppressed patients may experience reactivation of the virus and signs and symptoms such as:

• Seizures ( generally related to fever)
• Aseptic meningitis
• Encephalitis
• Thrombocytopenic purpura
• Bone marrow failure
• Pneumonitis

Prognosis

• The prognosis of roseola is good. Without treatment, most children will recover without sequelae.