Rhinitis laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fatimo Biobaku M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Laboratory Findings

The presenting symptoms of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis are sometimes difficult to distinguish, and it is often a diagnostic challenge to determine the etiology of rhinitis, whether it is allergic or nonallergic (or even an overlap of the two conditions).[1] The accurate diagnosis allergic rhinitis relies on the clinical history, and the demonstration of the presence of allergic sensitization towards relevant allergens.[2][3] Nonallergic rhinitis is a heterogeneous condition with a wide range of nasal pathological findings, which may require more targeted investigations.[4] Allergy investigations are never used alone for diagnosis because of the low specificity, and the test result should be interpreted in conjunction with the clinical history.[2]

Determination of allergic sensitization is usually done via the following methods:[2][4][5]

  • Skin prick test- This is a sensitive test which is easy to use, yields result within 15minutes and it is often the preferred test.
  • RAST (radioallergosorbent test)- This is a blood test that detect specific IgE antibodies using radioimmunoassay test
  • Nasal allergen challenge- This is not routinely done. It can be useful in some forms of occupational rhinitis.
  • Total serum IgE and circulating eosinophil counts are not used for diagnosis of allergic rhinitis due to the lack of sensitivity and specificity.

References

  1. Settipane RA, Charnock DR (2007). "Epidemiology of rhinitis: allergic and nonallergic". Clin Allergy Immunol. 19: 23–34. PMID 17153005.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Rotiroti, Giuseppina; Scadding, Glenis (July 2016). "Allergic Rhinitis-an overview of a common disease". Paediatrics and Child Health. Volume 26 (Issue 7): 298–303. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
  3. Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A; et al. (2008). "Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen)". Allergy. 63 Suppl 86: 8–160. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x. PMID 18331513.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Greiner AN, Hellings PW, Rotiroti G, Scadding GK (2011). "Allergic rhinitis". Lancet. 378 (9809): 2112–22. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60130-X. PMID 21783242.
  5. Dykewicz MS, Hamilos DL (2010). "Rhinitis and sinusitis". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 125 (2 Suppl 2): S103–15. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.989. PMID 20176255.

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