Rheumatoid arthritis risk factors

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Template:Rehumatoid arthritis Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Risk factors

  • Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for developing RA. The duration of smoking and not the number of packs of cigarettes smoked daily co-related strongly with increased risk of RA.[1]
  • Gender
    • The lifetime risk of RA in adults is 3.6 % for women and 1.7% for men.[2]
  • Race
    • Some Native American groups have higher prevalence rates (5-6%) and black persons from the Caribbean region have lower prevalence rates. First-degree relatives prevalence rate is 2-3% and disease genetic concordance in monozygotic twins is approximately 12-15% compared to 3.5% in Dizygotic twins.[3]
    • It is strongly associated with the inherited tissue type Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen HLA-DR4 (most specifically DR0401 and 0404) — hence family history is an important risk factor.[4]

References

  1. ↑ Karlson EW, Lee IM, Cook NR, Manson JE, Buring JE, Hennekens CH (1999). <910::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-D "A retrospective cohort study of cigarette smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in female health professionals". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 42 (5): 910–7. doi:10.1002/1529-0131(199905)42:5<910::AID-ANR9>3.0.CO;2-D. PMID 10323446. Retrieved 2012-04-25. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Crowson CS, Matteson EL, Myasoedova E; et al. (2011). "The lifetime risk of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 63 (3): 633–9. doi:10.1002/art.30155. PMC 3078757. PMID 21360492. Retrieved 2012-04-25. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Aho K, Koskenvuo M, Tuominen J, Kaprio J (1986). "Occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis in a nationwide series of twins". The Journal of Rheumatology. 13 (5): 899–902. PMID 3820198. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  4. ↑ Arias MV, Domingues EV, Lozano RB, Flores CV, Peralta MM, Salinas CZ (2010). "Study of class I and II HLA alleles in 30 ecuadorian patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with alleles from healthy and affected subjects with other rheumatic diseases". Revista Brasileira De Reumatologia. 50 (4): 423–33. PMID 21125177. Retrieved 2012-04-25. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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