Radiation proctitis risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
Common risk factors in the development of Radiation proctitis include include dose of radiation, area of the radiation and mode of delivery of the radiation.
Common risk factors in the development of radiation proctitis include include presence of inflammatory bowel disease. concurrent treatment, immunosuppression, co mordities and hx of previous surgery.


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
===Common Risk Factors===
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common risk factors in the development of radiation proctitis include:<ref name="pmid8996146">{{cite journal| author=Beard CJ, Propert KJ, Rieker PP, Clark JA, Kaplan I, Kantoff PW et al.| title=Complications after treatment with external-beam irradiation in early-stage prostate cancer patients: a prospective multiinstitutional outcomes study. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1997 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 223-9 | pmid=8996146 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1997.15.1.223 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8996146  }}</ref><ref name="pmid7713784">{{cite journal| author=Coia LR, Myerson RJ, Tepper JE| title=Late effects of radiation therapy on the gastrointestinal tract. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 1995 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 1213-36 | pmid=7713784 | doi=10.1016/0360-3016(94)00419-L | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7713784  }}</ref>
*Common risk factors in the development of radiation proctitis are the diseases that may increases the susceptibility of mucosal injury by radiation are:  
**Dose of the radiation: <45 Gy are associated with few long-term radiation side effects. In contrast, doses between 45 and 70 Gy cause more complications, and doses above 70 Gy cause significant and longstanding injury to the surrounding area
**Area of the radiation<ref name="pmid10705022">{{cite journal| author=Willett CG, Ooi CJ, Zietman AL, Menon V, Goldberg S, Sands BE et al.| title=Acute and late toxicity of patients with inflammatory bowel disease undergoing irradiation for abdominal and pelvic neoplasms. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 2000 | volume= 46 | issue= 4 | pages= 995-8 | pmid=10705022 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10705022  }}</ref>
**Mode of the delivery of the radiation External beam radiation, typically administered by a linear accelerator, results in significantly greater exposure to surrounding organs as compared with brachytherapy, where radiation is administered via radioactive implants. Newer modalities of external beam radiation delivery, including three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, and the use of heavy particles including protons and neutrons, may be associated with a reduced risk of radiation toxicity.
 
===Less Common Risk Factors===
*Less common risk factors in the development of Radiation proctitis are the diseases that may increases the susceptibility of mucosal injury by radiation are:  
**HIV<ref name="pmid10219805">{{cite journal| author=Hoffman R, Welton ML, Klencke B, Weinberg V, Krieg R| title=The significance of pretreatment CD4 count on the outcome and treatment tolerance of HIV-positive patients with anal cancer. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 1999 | volume= 44 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-31 | pmid=10219805 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10219805  }}</ref>
**HIV<ref name="pmid10219805">{{cite journal| author=Hoffman R, Welton ML, Klencke B, Weinberg V, Krieg R| title=The significance of pretreatment CD4 count on the outcome and treatment tolerance of HIV-positive patients with anal cancer. | journal=Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys | year= 1999 | volume= 44 | issue= 1 | pages= 127-31 | pmid=10219805 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10219805  }}</ref>
**Immunosuppresion<ref name="pmid20014399">{{cite journal| author=Housri N, Yarchoan R, Kaushal A| title=Radiotherapy for patients with the human immunodeficiency virus: are special precautions necessary? | journal=Cancer | year= 2010 | volume= 116 | issue= 2 | pages= 273-83 | pmid=20014399 | doi=10.1002/cncr.24878 | pmc=3409663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20014399  }}</ref>
**Immunosuppresion<ref name="pmid20014399">{{cite journal| author=Housri N, Yarchoan R, Kaushal A| title=Radiotherapy for patients with the human immunodeficiency virus: are special precautions necessary? | journal=Cancer | year= 2010 | volume= 116 | issue= 2 | pages= 273-83 | pmid=20014399 | doi=10.1002/cncr.24878 | pmc=3409663 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20014399  }}</ref>

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of radiation proctitis include include presence of inflammatory bowel disease. concurrent treatment, immunosuppression, co mordities and hx of previous surgery.

Risk Factors

Common Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of radiation proctitis are the diseases that may increases the susceptibility of mucosal injury by radiation are:
    • HIV[1]
    • Immunosuppresion[2]
    • Inflammatory bowel disease
    • Hx of smoking
    • Diabetes Mellitus
    • Hypertension
    • Hx of atherosclerosis
    • Younger age
    • Concurrent treatment
    • Previous abdominal surgery
    • malnutrition
    • tumour stage
    • genotypic susceptibility to radiation toxicity


References

  1. ↑ Hoffman R, Welton ML, Klencke B, Weinberg V, Krieg R (1999). "The significance of pretreatment CD4 count on the outcome and treatment tolerance of HIV-positive patients with anal cancer". Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 44 (1): 127–31. PMID 10219805.
  2. ↑ Housri N, Yarchoan R, Kaushal A (2010). "Radiotherapy for patients with the human immunodeficiency virus: are special precautions necessary?". Cancer. 116 (2): 273–83. doi:10.1002/cncr.24878. PMC 3409663. PMID 20014399.

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