Radiation proctitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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{{Radiation proctitis}}
{{Radiation proctitis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} [[User:Rekha|Rekha, M.D.]], {{MIR}}




==Overview==
==Overview==
The reported [[incidence]] of any transient acute radiation proctitis is thought to range from 50% to 100%. The incidence of chronic radiation proctitis is estimated at 2%–20%


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
===Incidence and prevalance===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*
*The exact incidence of the radiation proctitis is not available and largely depends on number of factors such as:
*the dose of radiation,
*area of exposure,
*method of delivery,
*the use of cytoprotective agents,
*dose fraction regimens, and 
*the interval between sessions. 
*The incidence rate of radiation proctitis in patients treated with the external beam radiation therapy is estimated to range from 2% to 39%, depending upon the severity and grade of proctitis.<ref name="pmid8996146">{{cite journal| author=Beard CJ, Propert KJ, Rieker PP, Clark JA, Kaplan I, Kantoff PW et al.| title=Complications after treatment with external-beam irradiation in early-stage prostate cancer patients: a prospective multiinstitutional outcomes study. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1997 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 223-9 | pmid=8996146 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1997.15.1.223 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8996146  }}</ref>
*The incidence rate of radiation proctitis in patients treated with brachytherapy  is 8% to 13% when used alone and up to 21% in combination with other modalities.<ref name="pmid9628612">{{cite journal| author=Zeitlin SI, Sherman J, Raboy A, Lederman G, Albert P| title=High dose combination radiotherapy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. | journal=J Urol | year= 1998 | volume= 160 | issue= 1 | pages= 91-5; discussion 95-6 | pmid=9628612 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9628612  }}</ref>
*Smith et al. reported a 20% incidence of RP with a radiation dose up to 7.500 Cgy and a 60% incidence of RP with doses greater than 7.500 Cgy<ref name="SmitHelle1990">{{cite journal|last1=Smit|first1=W.G.J.M.|last2=Helle|first2=P.A.|last3=Van Putten|first3=W.L.J.|last4=Wijnmaalen|first4=A.J.|last5=Seldenrath|first5=J.J.|last6=Van Der Werf-Messing|first6=B.H.P.|title=Late radiation damage in prostate cancer patients treated by high dose external radiotherapy in relation to rectal dose|journal=International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics|volume=18|issue=1|year=1990|pages=23–29|issn=03603016|doi=10.1016/0360-3016(90)90262-I}}</ref>
*Furthermore, it is unclear whether the incidence of radiation proctitis is increasing or decreasing. Although newer radiotherapy techniques may reduce the damage to surrounding tissues, potentially reducing the incidence of proctitis,9 it is possible that the higher doses used may have the opposite effect.1 Also, as the number of cancer patients receiving radiation to the pelvic area increases, the incidence of radiation proctitis may also increase.6


===Prevalence===
* The exact [[incidence]] of the radiation proctitis is not available and largely depends on number of factors such as:
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
 
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
#
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.
 
*The reported incidence of any transient acute radiation proctitis is thought to range from 50% to 100%<ref name="WeinerWong2016">{{cite journal|last1=Weiner|first1=Joseph Paul|last2=Wong|first2=Andrew Thomas|last3=Schwartz|first3=David|last4=Martinez|first4=Manuel|last5=Aytaman|first5=Ayse|last6=Schreiber|first6=David|title=Endoscopic and non-endoscopic approaches for the management of radiation-induced rectal bleeding|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=22|issue=31|year=2016|pages=6972|issn=1007-9327|doi=10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.6972}}</ref>
** The dose of radiation
*The incidence of chronic radiation proctitis is estimated at 2%–20%<ref name="pmid11355732">{{cite journal| author=Tagkalidis PP, Tjandra JJ| title=Chronic radiation proctitis. | journal=ANZ J Surg | year= 2001 | volume= 71 | issue= 4 | pages= 230-7 | pmid=11355732 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11355732  }}</ref>
** Area of exposure
** Method of delivery
** The use of cytoprotective agents
** Dose fraction regimens
** The interval between sessions
 
*The reported incidence of any transient acute radiation proctitis is thought to range from 50% to 100%.<ref name="WeinerWong2016">{{cite journal|last1=Weiner|first1=Joseph Paul|last2=Wong|first2=Andrew Thomas|last3=Schwartz|first3=David|last4=Martinez|first4=Manuel|last5=Aytaman|first5=Ayse|last6=Schreiber|first6=David|title=Endoscopic and non-endoscopic approaches for the management of radiation-induced rectal bleeding|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=22|issue=31|year=2016|pages=6972|issn=1007-9327|doi=10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.6972}}</ref>
*The incidence of chronic radiation proctitis is estimated to be 2000-20,000 in every 100,000 people.<ref name="pmid11355732">{{cite journal| author=Tagkalidis PP, Tjandra JJ| title=Chronic radiation proctitis. | journal=ANZ J Surg | year= 2001 | volume= 71 | issue= 4 | pages= 230-7 | pmid=11355732 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11355732  }}</ref>
*The incidence rate of radiation proctitis in patients treated with the external beam radiation therapy is estimated to range from 2000-39,000 in every 100,000 patients depending upon the severity and grade of proctitis.<ref name="pmid8996146">{{cite journal| author=Beard CJ, Propert KJ, Rieker PP, Clark JA, Kaplan I, Kantoff PW et al.| title=Complications after treatment with external-beam irradiation in early-stage prostate cancer patients: a prospective multiinstitutional outcomes study. | journal=J Clin Oncol | year= 1997 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 223-9 | pmid=8996146 | doi=10.1200/JCO.1997.15.1.223 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8996146  }}</ref>
*The incidence rate of radiation proctitis in patients treated with brachy-therapy is 8000-13,000 in every 100,000 patients when used alone and up to 21,000 in every 100,000 ptients in combination with other modalities.<ref name="pmid9628612">{{cite journal| author=Zeitlin SI, Sherman J, Raboy A, Lederman G, Albert P| title=High dose combination radiotherapy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. | journal=J Urol | year= 1998 | volume= 160 | issue= 1 | pages= 91-5; discussion 95-6 | pmid=9628612 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9628612  }}</ref>
*Smith et al. reported a 20,000 in every 100,000 patients incidence of RP with a radiation dose up to 7.500 Cgy and a 60,000 in every 100,000 patients incidence of RP with doses greater than 7.500 Cgy.<ref name="SmitHelle1990">{{cite journal|last1=Smit|first1=W.G.J.M.|last2=Helle|first2=P.A.|last3=Van Putten|first3=W.L.J.|last4=Wijnmaalen|first4=A.J.|last5=Seldenrath|first5=J.J.|last6=Van Der Werf-Messing|first6=B.H.P.|title=Late radiation damage in prostate cancer patients treated by high dose external radiotherapy in relation to rectal dose|journal=International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics|volume=18|issue=1|year=1990|pages=23–29|issn=03603016|doi=10.1016/0360-3016(90)90262-I}}</ref>
*Furthermore, it is unclear whether the incidence of radiation proctitis is increasing or decreasing. Although newer [[Radiation therapy|radiotherapy]] techniques may reduce the damage to surrounding tissues, potentially reducing the incidence of proctitis, it is possible that the higher doses used may have the opposite effect. Also, as the number of cancer patients receiving radiation to the pelvic area increases, the incidence of radiation proctitis may also increase.


===Age===
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop radiation proctitis
*The prevalence of radiation proctitis is more among older age group (over 60 years) patients. This may be a reflection of the increase frequency of predisposing [[malignancy]] requiring [[radiotherapy]] in this age group.However, younger age group seems more susceptible to the risk of radiation injury.
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].


===Race===
===Race===

Latest revision as of 23:52, 6 November 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rekha, M.D., Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]


Overview

The reported incidence of any transient acute radiation proctitis is thought to range from 50% to 100%. The incidence of chronic radiation proctitis is estimated at 2%–20%

Epidemiology and Demographics

Incidence and prevalance

  • The exact incidence of the radiation proctitis is not available and largely depends on number of factors such as:
    • The dose of radiation
    • Area of exposure
    • Method of delivery
    • The use of cytoprotective agents
    • Dose fraction regimens
    • The interval between sessions
  • The reported incidence of any transient acute radiation proctitis is thought to range from 50% to 100%.[1]
  • The incidence of chronic radiation proctitis is estimated to be 2000-20,000 in every 100,000 people.[2]
  • The incidence rate of radiation proctitis in patients treated with the external beam radiation therapy is estimated to range from 2000-39,000 in every 100,000 patients depending upon the severity and grade of proctitis.[3]
  • The incidence rate of radiation proctitis in patients treated with brachy-therapy is 8000-13,000 in every 100,000 patients when used alone and up to 21,000 in every 100,000 ptients in combination with other modalities.[4]
  • Smith et al. reported a 20,000 in every 100,000 patients incidence of RP with a radiation dose up to 7.500 Cgy and a 60,000 in every 100,000 patients incidence of RP with doses greater than 7.500 Cgy.[5]
  • Furthermore, it is unclear whether the incidence of radiation proctitis is increasing or decreasing. Although newer radiotherapy techniques may reduce the damage to surrounding tissues, potentially reducing the incidence of proctitis, it is possible that the higher doses used may have the opposite effect. Also, as the number of cancer patients receiving radiation to the pelvic area increases, the incidence of radiation proctitis may also increase.

Age

  • The prevalence of radiation proctitis is more among older age group (over 60 years) patients. This may be a reflection of the increase frequency of predisposing malignancy requiring radiotherapy in this age group.However, younger age group seems more susceptible to the risk of radiation injury.

Race

  • There is no racial predilection to radiation proctitis.

Gender

  • Radiation proctitis affects men and women equally.

References

  1. Weiner, Joseph Paul; Wong, Andrew Thomas; Schwartz, David; Martinez, Manuel; Aytaman, Ayse; Schreiber, David (2016). "Endoscopic and non-endoscopic approaches for the management of radiation-induced rectal bleeding". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 22 (31): 6972. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.6972. ISSN 1007-9327.
  2. Tagkalidis PP, Tjandra JJ (2001). "Chronic radiation proctitis". ANZ J Surg. 71 (4): 230–7. PMID 11355732.
  3. Beard CJ, Propert KJ, Rieker PP, Clark JA, Kaplan I, Kantoff PW; et al. (1997). "Complications after treatment with external-beam irradiation in early-stage prostate cancer patients: a prospective multiinstitutional outcomes study". J Clin Oncol. 15 (1): 223–9. doi:10.1200/JCO.1997.15.1.223. PMID 8996146.
  4. Zeitlin SI, Sherman J, Raboy A, Lederman G, Albert P (1998). "High dose combination radiotherapy for the treatment of localized prostate cancer". J Urol. 160 (1): 91–5, discussion 95-6. PMID 9628612.
  5. Smit, W.G.J.M.; Helle, P.A.; Van Putten, W.L.J.; Wijnmaalen, A.J.; Seldenrath, J.J.; Van Der Werf-Messing, B.H.P. (1990). "Late radiation damage in prostate cancer patients treated by high dose external radiotherapy in relation to rectal dose". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. 18 (1): 23–29. doi:10.1016/0360-3016(90)90262-I. ISSN 0360-3016.

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