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{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
{{quinine sulfate}}
|authorTag=<!--Overview-->
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{chetan}}
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==Overview==
* Content
'''Quinine''' is a natural white [[crystal]]line [[alkaloid]] having [[antipyretic]] (fever-reducing), [[antimalarial drug|antimalarial]], [[analgesic]] (painkilling), and [[anti-inflammatory]] properties and a bitter taste. It is a [[stereoisomer]] of [[quinidine]] which, unlike quinine, is an [[antiarrhythmic]]. Quinine contains two major fused-ring systems: the [[aromatic]] [[quinoline]] and the [[bicyclic]] [[quinuclidine]].


Though it has been synthesized in the laboratory, quinine occurs naturally in the bark of the [[cinchona]] tree. The medicinal properties of the cinchona tree were originally discovered by the [[Quechuas|Quechua]], who are indigenous to [[Peru]] and [[Bolivia]]; later, the [[Jesuits]] were the first to bring cinchona to Europe.
<!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->


Quinine was the first effective treatment for [[malaria]] caused by ''[[Plasmodium falciparum]]'', appearing in therapeutics in the 17th century. It remained the antimalarial drug of choice until the 1940s, when other drugs such as [[chloroquine]] that have fewer unpleasant side effects replaced it. Since then, many effective antimalarials have been introduced, although quinine is still used to treat the disease in certain critical circumstances, such as severe malaria, and in impoverished regions due to its low cost. Quinine is available with a prescription in the United States and over-the-counter, in minute quantities, in [[tonic water]]. Quinine is also used to treat [[Systemic lupus erythematosus|lupus]] and [[arthritis]]. Quinine was also frequently prescribed in the US as an [[off-label]] treatment for [[Cramps#Nocturnal leg cramps|nocturnal leg cramps]], but this has become less prevalent due to a [[Food and Drug Administration]] statement warning against the practice.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/ucm218202.htm | title = FDA Drug Safety Communication: New risk management plan and patient Medication Guide for Qualaquin (quinine sulfate) | accessdate = 2011-02-21 | date = 2010-08-07 | publisher = [[Food and Drug Administration]] }}</ref>
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
|fdaLIADAdult======Condition1=====


Quinine is highly [[fluorescence|fluorescent]] ([[quantum yield]] ~0.58) in 0.1 [[Molar concentration|M]] [[sulfuric acid]] solution and it is widely used as a standard for fluorescence quantum yield measurement.<ref>Joseph R. Lakowicz. [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=-PSybuLNxcAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy] 3rd edition. [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] (2006). ISBN 978-0387-31278-1. Chapter 2. page 54.</ref><ref>[http://omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/081.html Quinine sulfate] ''ogi.edu''. Retrieved 16 August 2013</ref>
* Dosing Information


==Category==
:* Dosage
Antimalarial


==US Brand Names==
=====Condition2=====
QUALAQUIN <sup>®</sup>


==FDA Package Insert==
* Dosing Information


'''  [[quinine sulfate description|Description]]'''
:* Dosage
'''| [[quinine sulfate clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate microbiology|Microbiology]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
'''| [[quinine sulfate labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''


==Mechanism of Action==
=====Condition3=====
As with other quinoline antimalarial drugs, the mechanism of action of quinine has not been fully resolved.  The most widely accepted hypothesis of its action is based on the well-studied and closely related quinoline drug, [[chloroquine]].  This model involves the inhibition of [[hemozoin]] [[biocrystallization]], which facilitates the aggregation of [[cytotoxic]] [[heme]]. Free cytotoxic heme accumulates in the parasites, causing their deaths.


==References==
* Dosing Information
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Antibiotics]]
:* Dosage
[[Category:Wikinfect]]
 
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* Dosing Information
 
:* Dosage
 
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[[Category:Drug]]

Revision as of 18:51, 16 December 2014

Quinine
Black Box Warning
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];

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Black Box Warning

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content

Overview

Quinine is a {{{drugClass}}} that is FDA approved for the {{{indicationType}}} of {{{indication}}}. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include .

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition3
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition4
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Quinine in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Quinine in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Quinine in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Quinine in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Quinine in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Condition1

Warnings

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content
  • Description

Precautions

  • Description

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Quinine in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Quinine in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Drug Interactions

  • Drug
  • Description

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Quinine in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Quinine during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Quinine with respect to nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Quinine with respect to pediatric patients.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Quinine with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Quinine with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Quinine with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Quinine in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Quinine in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Quinine in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Quinine in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral
  • Intravenous

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Quinine in the drug label.

  • Description

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Quinine in the drug label.

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

  • Description

Management

  • Description

Chronic Overdose

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Quinine in the drug label.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Quinine Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

Structure

File:Quinine01.png
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Quinine in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Quinine in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Quinine in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Quinine in the drug label.

How Supplied

Storage

There is limited information regarding Quinine Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Quinine |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Quinine |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Quinine in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Quinine interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  2. ↑ "http://www.ismp.org". External link in |title= (help)

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