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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Causes of pulmonary nodule may be classified into 5 categories: infectious, neoplastic, inflammatory, immunological, vascular, and miscellaneous. Common causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, include: [[tuberculosis]], [[Lung cancer|primary lung cancer]], [[granulomas]], and [[rheumatic disease]].<ref name="pmid2019220">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lillington GA |title=Management of solitary pulmonary nodules |journal=Dis Mon |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=271–318 |year=1991 |pmid=2019220 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | | Causes of pulmonary nodules can be [[Classification|classified]] into [[Etiology|etiologies]] presenting with [[solitary]] or multiple [[Lesion|lesions]]. Common causes of [[solitary]] pulmonary nodule include [[tuberculosis]], [[Lung cancer|primary lung cancer]], [[granulomas|granuloma]], and [[rheumatic disease]]. Common causes of multiple pulmonary nodules include [[pulmonary]] [[neoplasms]] and [[tumor]] [[metastasis]] from other parts of the [[Human body|body]]. |
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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
| <div style="-webkit-user-select: none;">
| | *Causes of pulmonary nodules can be [[Classification|classified]] into [[Etiology|etiologies]] presenting with [[solitary]] or multiple [[Lesion|lesions]]. |
| ===Common Causes===
| | *For details on the causes of solitary pulmonary nodule, '''[[Solitary pulmonary nodule causes|click here]].''' |
| Common malignant causes of pulmonary nodule include:<ref name="DDX">Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002: 306-307 ISBN 1591032016 </ref>
| | *For details on the causes of multiple pulmonary nodules, '''[[Multiple pulmonary nodules causes|click here]].''' |
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| *Primary lung cancer
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| :*[[Non-small cell lung cancer]]
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| :*[[Small cell lung cancer]]
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| *[[Lymphoma]]
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| *[[Carcinoid tumor]]
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| *Solitary [[metastasis]]
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| *Pulmonary sarcoma
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| Common benign causes of pulmonary nodule include:<ref name="pmid2019220">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lillington GA |title=Management of solitary pulmonary nodules |journal=Dis Mon |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=271–318 |year=1991 |pmid=2019220 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| '''Inflammatory'''
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| *[[Granuloma]]
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| *[[Tuberculosis]]
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| *[[Fungal infection]]
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| *[[Pulmonary abscess]]
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| *[[Pneumonia]]
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| :*[[Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]]
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| :*[[Nocardia]]l infection
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| :*Parasite infection
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| '''Immunological'''
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| *[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
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| *[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
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| '''Vascular'''
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| *[[Arteriovenous malformation]]
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| *[[Hematoma]]
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| *[[Infarction]] zone
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| '''Miscellaneous '''
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| *[[Pulmonary sequestration]]
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| *[[Foreign body]]
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| *[[Pleural plaque]]
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| *[[Hamartoma]]
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| ===Causes by Organ System===
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| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Arteriovenous malformation]], [[Infarction zone]], [[Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation]], [[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Pulmonary infarction]], [[Varicose pulmonary vein]], [[Vascular]]
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| |-
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| |bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Thyroid cancer]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Black lung disease]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gastric cancer]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery]], [[Hemangioma]], [[Hematoma]], [[Non-hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Pulmonary hamartoma]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adiaspiromycosis]], [[Aspergilloma]], [[Aspergillosis]], [[Berylliosis]], [[Blastomycosis]], [[Bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[Bronchogenic cyst]], [[Coccidioidomycosis]], [[Cryptococcosis]], [[Cryptococcus neoformans]], [[Dirofilariasis]], [[Echinococcus granulosus]], [[Endometriosis]], [[Fungal infection]], [[Histoplasmosis]], [[Hydatid cyst]], [[Hystiocytosis x]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Lung abscess]], [[Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia]], [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]], [[Nocardial infection]], [[Nocardiosis]], [[Parasite infection]], [[Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Pulmonary abscess]], [[Round pneumonia]], [[Tuberculosis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Multiple myeloma]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery]], [[Arteriovenous malformation]], [[Neurofibroma]], [[Neurogenic tumor]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Breast cancer]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adenocarcinoma ]], [[Blastoma]], [[Bronchial adenoma]], [[Cancers]], [[Carcinoid tumor]], [[Chondroma]], [[Fibroma]], [[Gastric cancer]], [[Granuloma]], [[Hamartoma]], [[Hamartomatosis]], [[Hemangioma]], [[Hypernephroma]], [[Large cell lung carcinoma]], [[Lung metastases]], [[Lymphoma]], [[Metastasis]], [[Multiple myeloma]], [[Neurofibroma]], [[Neurogenic tumor]], [[Non-hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Non-small cell lung cancer]], [[Primary lung cancer]], [[Prostate cancer]], [[Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor]], [[Pulmonary sarcoma]], [[Pulmonary sequestration]], [[Sarcoma]], [[Seminoma]], [[Small cell lung cancer]], [[Solitary metastasis]], [[Squamous cell carcinoma]], [[Thyroid cancer]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ophthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Black lung disease]], [[Bronchial adenoma]], [[Bronchial atresia]], [[Bronchogenic carcinoma]], [[Bronchogenic cyst]], [[Churg-strauss syndrome]], [[Hydatid cyst]], [[Large cell lung carcinoma]], [[Lipoid pneumonia]], [[Localized scar]], [[Localized pleural effusion]], [[Lung abscess]], [[Lung cavity]], [[Lung metastases]], [[Mucoid impaction]], [[Non-small cell lung cancer]], [[Pleural plaque]], [[Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]], [[Pneumonia]], [[Primary lung cancer]], [[Pulmonary abscess]], [[Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation]], [[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Pulmonary hamartoma]], [[Pulmonary infarction]], [[Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor]], [[Pulmonary sarcoma]], [[Pulmonary sequestration]], [[Round pneumonia]], [[Rounded atelectasis]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Sequestration]], [[Small cell lung cancer]], [[Squamous cell carcinoma]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Varicose pulmonary vein]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypernephroma]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[Churg-strauss syndrome]], [[Fibroma]], [[Granuloma]], [[Immunological]], [[Progressive massive fibrosis]], [[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Rheumatoid disease]], [[Rheumatoid nodule]], [[Sarcoidosis]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Foreign body]], [[Localized scar]], [[Lung cavity]], [[Rounded atelectasis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Prostate cancer]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |}
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| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
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| {{columns-list|3|
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| *[[Adenocarcinoma ]]
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| *[[Adiaspiromycosis]]
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| *[[Amyloid]]
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| *[[Amyloidosis]]
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| *[[Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery]]
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| *[[Arteriovenous malformation]]
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| *[[Aspergilloma]]
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| *[[Aspergillosis]]
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| *[[Berylliosis]]
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| *[[Black lung disease]]
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| *[[Blastoma]]
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| *[[Blastomycosis]]
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| *[[Breast cancer]]
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| *[[Bronchial adenoma]]
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| *[[Bronchial atresia]]
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| *[[Bronchogenic carcinoma]]
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| *[[Bronchogenic cyst]]
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| *[[Cancers]]
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| *[[Carcinoid tumor]]
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| *[[Chondroma]]
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| *[[Churg-strauss syndrome]]
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| *[[Coccidioidomycosis]]
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| *[[Cryptococcosis]]
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| *[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]
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| *[[Dirofilariasis]]
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| *[[Echinococcus granulosus]]
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| *[[Endometriosis]]
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| *[[Fibroma]]
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| *[[Foreign body]]
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| *[[Fungal infection]]
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| *[[Gastric cancer]]
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| *[[Granuloma]]
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| *[[Hamartoma]]
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| *[[Hamartomatosis]]
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| *[[Hemangioma]]
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| *[[Hematoma]]
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| *[[Histoplasmosis]]
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| *[[Hydatid cyst]]
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| *[[Hypernephroma]]
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| *[[Hystiocytosis x]]
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| *[[Immunological]]
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| *[[Infarction zone]]
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| *[[Inflammatory]]
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| *[[Large cell lung carcinoma]]
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| *[[Lipoid pneumonia]]
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| *[[Localized scar]]
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| *[[Localized pleural effusion]]
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| *[[Lung abscess]]
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| *[[Lung cavity]]
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| *[[Lung metastases]]
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| *[[Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia]]
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| *[[Lymphoma]]
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| *[[Metastasis]]
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| *[[Miscellaneous]]
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| *[[Mucoid impaction]]
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| *[[Multiple myeloma]]
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| *[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
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| *[[Neurofibroma]]
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| *[[Neurogenic tumor]]
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| *[[Nocardial infection]]
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| *[[Nocardiosis]]
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| *[[Non-hodgkin lymphoma]]
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| *[[Non-small cell lung cancer]]
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| *[[Parasite infection]]
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| *[[Pleural plaque]]
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| *[[Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]]
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| *[[Pneumonia]]
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| *[[Primary lung cancer]]
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| *[[Progressive massive fibrosis]]
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| *[[Prostate cancer]]
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| *[[Pulmonary abscess]]
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| *[[Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation]]
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| *[[Pulmonary embolism]]
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| *[[Pulmonary hamartoma]]
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| *[[Pulmonary infarction]]
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| *[[Pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor]]
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| *[[Pulmonary sarcoma]]
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| *[[Pulmonary sequestration]]
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| *[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
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| *[[Rheumatoid disease]]
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| *[[Rheumatoid nodule]]
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| *[[Round pneumonia]]
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| *[[Rounded atelectasis]]
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| *[[Sarcoidosis]]
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| *[[Sarcoma]]
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| *[[Seminoma]]
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| *[[Sequestration]]
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| *[[Small cell lung cancer]]
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| *[[Solitary metastasis]]
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| *[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]
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| *[[Thyroid cancer]]
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| *[[Tuberculosis]]
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| *[[Varicose pulmonary vein]]
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| *[[Vascular]]
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| *[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
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| }}
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| </div>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{reflist|2}} | | {{reflist|2}} |
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| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
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| [[Category:Disease]]
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| [[Category:Pulmonology]] | | [[Category:Pulmonology]] |
| [[Category:Oncology]] | | [[Category:Oncology]] |