Protein energy malnutrition other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
There are several [[Parameter|parameters]] that can be used in the assessment of a child with protein-energy malnutrition. [[Malnutrition]] can be assessed according to the [[WHO]] based on mid-upper arm circumference into moderate and severe malnutrition. Other parameters include the [[Z-score]] which assesses linear growth and [[weight]] for [[length]].


==Other Diagnostic Studies==
==Other Diagnostic Studies==
There are several parameters that can be used in the assessment of a child with kwashiorkor. Malnutrition can be assesed according to the WHO as follows
There are several [[Parameter|parameters]] that can be used in the assessment of a child with protein energy malnutrition. [[Malnutrition]] can be assessed according to the [[WHO]] as follows:<ref name="pmid25805273">{{cite journal| author=Grellety E, Krause LK, Shams Eldin M, Porten K, Isanaka S| title=Comparison of weight-for-height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in a therapeutic feeding programme in South Sudan: is MUAC alone a sufficient criterion for admission of children at high risk of mortality? | journal=Public Health Nutr | year= 2015 | volume= 18 | issue= 14 | pages= 2575-81 | pmid=25805273 | doi=10.1017/S1368980015000737 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25805273  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12765671">{{cite journal| author=Powell-Tuck J, Hennessy EM| title=A comparison of mid upper arm circumference, body mass index and weight loss as indices of undernutrition in acutely hospitalized patients. | journal=Clin Nutr | year= 2003 | volume= 22 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-12 | pmid=12765671 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12765671  }} </ref>


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Clinical term
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Clinical term
! rowspan="2" |Clinical measure
! rowspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Clinical measure
! colspan="2" |Classification
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Classification
|-
|-
!Moderate malnutrition
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Moderate malnutrition
!Severe malnutrition
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Severe malnutrition
|-
|-
|Wasting
|[[Wasting]]
|Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)
|Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)
|11.5 to 12.4 cm
|11.5 to 12.4 cm
Line 27: Line 28:
|<–3
|<–3
|-
|-
|Kwashiorkor
|[[Kwashiorkor]]
|
|
|Absent
|Absent
|Present
|Present
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''Mid-upper arm circumference(MUAC):'''
When time, money and experienced/ skilled personnel is in shortage such in times of flood and refugee camps, the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an accurate and efficient way to screen for malnutrition
<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''[[Z score|Z  scores]]''': The severity of [[wasting]] or [[Stunted growth|stunting]] is defined by comparing a child's [[weight]] and [[height]] measurements with those of a population reference standard.
Assessment of Linear Growth
{| class="wikitable"
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Z-score
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Interpretation
|-
|'''Z-score >-2'''
|No [[Stunted growth|stunting]]
|-
|'''Z-score >-3 and <=-2'''
|Moderate [[Stunted growth|stunting]]
|-
|'''Z-score <=-3'''
|Severe [[Stunted growth|stunting]]
|}
Assessment of Weight for Length
{| class="wikitable"
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Z-score
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" + |Interpretation
|-
|'''Z-score >-2'''
|No [[wasting]]
|-
|'''Z-score >-3 and <=-2'''
|Moderate [[wasting]]
|-
|'''Z-score <=-3'''
|Severe [[wasting]]
|}
|}



Latest revision as of 21:01, 19 September 2017

Protein energy malnutrition Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

There are several parameters that can be used in the assessment of a child with protein-energy malnutrition. Malnutrition can be assessed according to the WHO based on mid-upper arm circumference into moderate and severe malnutrition. Other parameters include the Z-score which assesses linear growth and weight for length.

Other Diagnostic Studies

There are several parameters that can be used in the assessment of a child with protein energy malnutrition. Malnutrition can be assessed according to the WHO as follows:[1][2]

Clinical term Clinical measure Classification
Moderate malnutrition Severe malnutrition
Wasting Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) 11.5 to 12.4 cm <11.5 cm
Weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) –2 to –3 <–3
Kwashiorkor Absent Present

*Mid-upper arm circumference(MUAC):

When time, money and experienced/ skilled personnel is in shortage such in times of flood and refugee camps, the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an accurate and efficient way to screen for malnutrition

*Z scores: The severity of wasting or stunting is defined by comparing a child's weight and height measurements with those of a population reference standard.

Assessment of Linear Growth

Z-score Interpretation
Z-score >-2 No stunting
Z-score >-3 and <=-2 Moderate stunting
Z-score <=-3 Severe stunting

Assessment of Weight for Length

Z-score Interpretation
Z-score >-2 No wasting
Z-score >-3 and <=-2 Moderate wasting
Z-score <=-3 Severe wasting

References

  1. Grellety E, Krause LK, Shams Eldin M, Porten K, Isanaka S (2015). "Comparison of weight-for-height and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in a therapeutic feeding programme in South Sudan: is MUAC alone a sufficient criterion for admission of children at high risk of mortality?". Public Health Nutr. 18 (14): 2575–81. doi:10.1017/S1368980015000737. PMID 25805273.
  2. Powell-Tuck J, Hennessy EM (2003). "A comparison of mid upper arm circumference, body mass index and weight loss as indices of undernutrition in acutely hospitalized patients". Clin Nutr. 22 (3): 307–12. PMID 12765671.

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