Prostate cancer: Difference between revisions

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==[[Prostate cancer overview|Overview]]==
==[[Prostate cancer overview|Overview]]==


==[[Prostate cancer history and symptoms|Symptoms]]==
==[[Prostate cancer historical perspective|Historical perspective]]==


==[[Prostate cancer pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Prostate cancer pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Prostate cancer causes|Causes]]==
==[[Prostate cancer epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==
 
==[[Prostate cancer risk factors|Risk factors]]==


==Treatment==
==[[Prostate cancer screening|Screening]]==
Treatment for prostate cancer may involve [[watchful waiting]], [[surgery]], [[radiation therapy]] including [[brachytherapy]] (prostate brachytherapy) and external beam radiation, [[High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)]], [[chemotherapy]], [[cryosurgery]], hormonal therapy, or some combination. Which option is best depends on the stage of the disease, the Gleason score, and the PSA level. Other important factors are the man's age, his general health, and his feelings about potential treatments and their possible side effects. Because all treatments can have significant [[Adverse effect (medicine)|side effect]]s, such as erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence, treatment discussions often focus on balancing the goals of therapy with the risks of lifestyle alterations.


The selection of treatment options may be a complex decision involving many factors. For example, radical prostatectomy after primary radiation failure is a very technically challenging surgery and may not be an option.<ref name="pmid16314889">{{cite journal | author = Mouraviev V, Evans B, Polascik TJ | title = Salvage prostate cryoablation after primary interstitial brachytherapy failure: a feasible approach | journal = Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 99–101 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16314889 | doi = 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500853 | url = }}</ref> This may enter into the treatment decision.
==[[Prostate cancer causes|Causes]]==


If the cancer has spread beyond the prostate, treatment options significantly change, so most doctors who treat prostate cancer use a variety of [[nomogram]]s to predict the probability of spread. Treatment by watchful waiting, HIFU, radiation therapy, cryosurgery, and surgery are generally offered to men whose cancer remains within the prostate. Hormonal therapy and chemotherapy are often reserved for disease which has spread beyond the prostate. However, there are exceptions: radiation therapy may be used for some advanced tumors, and hormonal therapy is used for some early stage tumors. [[Cryotherapy]], hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy may also be offered if initial treatment fails and the cancer progresses.
==[[Prostate cancer differential diagnosis|Differentiating prostate cancer from other cancers]]


[[Prostate cancer medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Prostate cancer surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Prostate cancer metastasis treatment|Metastasis Treatment]] | [[Prostate cancer primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Prostate cancer secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Prostate cancer cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Prostate cancer future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
==[[Prostate cancer natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]==


==[[Prostate cancer screening|Screening]]==
==[[Prostate cancer history and symptoms|Symptoms]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
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:[[Prostate cancer history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Prostate cancer physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Prostate cancer staging | Staging]] | [[Prostate cancer laboratory studies | Lab Studies]] | [[Prostate cancer electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Prostate cancer x ray|X Ray]] |  [[Prostate cancer MRI|MRI]] | [[Prostate cancer CT|CT]] | [[Prostate cancer echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Prostate cancer other imaging findings|Other imaging findings]] | [[Prostate cancer other diagnostic studies|Other diagnostic studies]]
:[[Prostate cancer history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Prostate cancer physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Prostate cancer staging | Staging]] | [[Prostate cancer laboratory studies | Lab Studies]] | [[Prostate cancer electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Prostate cancer x ray|X Ray]] |  [[Prostate cancer MRI|MRI]] | [[Prostate cancer CT|CT]] | [[Prostate cancer echocardiography|Echocardiography]] | [[Prostate cancer other imaging findings|Other imaging findings]] | [[Prostate cancer other diagnostic studies|Other diagnostic studies]]


==[[Prostate cancer risk factors|Risk factors]]==
==Treatment==
Treatment for prostate cancer may involve [[watchful waiting]], [[surgery]], [[radiation therapy]] including [[brachytherapy]] (prostate brachytherapy) and external beam radiation, [[High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)]], [[chemotherapy]], [[cryosurgery]], hormonal therapy, or some combination. Which option is best depends on the stage of the disease, the Gleason score, and the PSA level. Other important factors are the man's age, his general health, and his feelings about potential treatments and their possible side effects. Because all treatments can have significant [[Adverse effect (medicine)|side effect]]s, such as erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence, treatment discussions often focus on balancing the goals of therapy with the risks of lifestyle alterations.


==[[Prostate cancer natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]==
The selection of treatment options may be a complex decision involving many factors. For example, radical prostatectomy after primary radiation failure is a very technically challenging surgery and may not be an option.<ref name="pmid16314889">{{cite journal | author = Mouraviev V, Evans B, Polascik TJ | title = Salvage prostate cryoablation after primary interstitial brachytherapy failure: a feasible approach | journal = Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. | volume = 9 | issue = 1 | pages = 99–101 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16314889 | doi = 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500853 | url = }}</ref> This may enter into the treatment decision.


==[[Prostate cancer epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==
If the cancer has spread beyond the prostate, treatment options significantly change, so most doctors who treat prostate cancer use a variety of [[nomogram]]s to predict the probability of spread. Treatment by watchful waiting, HIFU, radiation therapy, cryosurgery, and surgery are generally offered to men whose cancer remains within the prostate. Hormonal therapy and chemotherapy are often reserved for disease which has spread beyond the prostate. However, there are exceptions: radiation therapy may be used for some advanced tumors, and hormonal therapy is used for some early stage tumors. [[Cryotherapy]], hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy may also be offered if initial treatment fails and the cancer progresses.


==[[Prostate cancer historical perspective|Historical perspective]]==
[[Prostate cancer medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Prostate cancer surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Prostate cancer metastasis treatment|Metastasis Treatment]] | [[Prostate cancer primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Prostate cancer secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Prostate cancer cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Prostate cancer future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]


==Histopathological Findings in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma==
==Histopathological Findings in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma==

Revision as of 18:58, 15 December 2011

For patient information click here

Template:DiseaseDisorder infobox

Prostate cancer Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Prostate Cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Staging

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Biopsy

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Alternative Therapy

Case Studies

Case #1

Prostate cancer On the Web

Most recent articles

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X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Prostate cancer

CDC on Prostate cancer

Prostate cancer in the news

Blogs on Prostate cancer

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Risk calculators and risk factors for Prostate cancer

Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D. Please Join in Editing This Page and Apply to be an Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

Historical perspective

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology & Demographics

Risk factors

Screening

Causes

==Differentiating prostate cancer from other cancers

Complications & Prognosis

Symptoms

Diagnosis

Normal prostate (A) and prostate cancer (B). In prostate cancer, the regular glands of the normal prostate are replaced by irregular glands and clumps of cells, as seen in these pictures taken through a microscope.

When a man has symptoms of prostate cancer, or a screening test indicates an increased risk for cancer, more invasive evaluation is offered.

The only test which can fully confirm the diagnosis of prostate cancer is a biopsy, the removal of small pieces of the prostate for microscopic examination. However, prior to a biopsy, several other tools may be used to gather more information about the prostate and the urinary tract. Cystoscopy shows the urinary tract from inside the bladder, using a thin, flexible camera tube inserted down the urethra. Transrectal ultrasonography creates a picture of the prostate using sound waves from a probe in the rectum.

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Staging | Lab Studies | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | MRI | CT | Echocardiography | Other imaging findings | Other diagnostic studies

Treatment

Treatment for prostate cancer may involve watchful waiting, surgery, radiation therapy including brachytherapy (prostate brachytherapy) and external beam radiation, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), chemotherapy, cryosurgery, hormonal therapy, or some combination. Which option is best depends on the stage of the disease, the Gleason score, and the PSA level. Other important factors are the man's age, his general health, and his feelings about potential treatments and their possible side effects. Because all treatments can have significant side effects, such as erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence, treatment discussions often focus on balancing the goals of therapy with the risks of lifestyle alterations.

The selection of treatment options may be a complex decision involving many factors. For example, radical prostatectomy after primary radiation failure is a very technically challenging surgery and may not be an option.[1] This may enter into the treatment decision.

If the cancer has spread beyond the prostate, treatment options significantly change, so most doctors who treat prostate cancer use a variety of nomograms to predict the probability of spread. Treatment by watchful waiting, HIFU, radiation therapy, cryosurgery, and surgery are generally offered to men whose cancer remains within the prostate. Hormonal therapy and chemotherapy are often reserved for disease which has spread beyond the prostate. However, there are exceptions: radiation therapy may be used for some advanced tumors, and hormonal therapy is used for some early stage tumors. Cryotherapy, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy may also be offered if initial treatment fails and the cancer progresses.

Medical therapy | Surgical options | Metastasis Treatment | Primary prevention | Secondary prevention | Financial costs | Future therapies

Histopathological Findings in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Prostate: Adenocarcinoma

<youtube v=1SZPLS1dxTo/>

Prostate: Adenocarcinoma (Gleason grading system)

Prostate: Adenocarcinoma (Gleason grade 1)

<youtube v=F7V0Zl7a2FY/>

Prostate : Adenocarcinoma (Gleason grade 2)

<youtube v=YSOLiSklIXw/>

Prostate : Adenocarcinoma (Gleason grade 3)

<youtube v=TG8vR_pE7yA/>

Prostate: Adenocarcinoma (Gleason grade 4)

<youtube v=R2Cl4HScdGc/>

Prostate: Adenocarcinoma (Gleason grade 5)

<youtube v=F7V0Zl7a2FY/>

See also

References

  1. Mouraviev V, Evans B, Polascik TJ (2006). "Salvage prostate cryoablation after primary interstitial brachytherapy failure: a feasible approach". Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 9 (1): 99–101. doi:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500853. PMID 16314889.

External links

Template:Urogenital neoplasia Template:SIB Template:Link FA Template:Link FA af:Prostaatkanker bn:প্রোস্টেট ক্যান্সার bg:Рак на простатата ca:Càncer de pròstata da:Prostatakræft de:Prostatakrebs dv:ޕްރޮސްޓޭޓް ކެންސަރު el:Καρκίνος του προστάτη fa:سرطان پروستات hr:Rak prostate id:Kanker prostat it:Carcinoma della prostata he:סרטן הערמונית la:Cancer prostatae lv:Prostatas vēzis nl:Prostaatkanker no:Prostatakreft simple:Prostate cancer fi:Eturauhassyöpä sv:Prostatacancer tl:Kanser sa prostata


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