Prolactinoma pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]

Overview

Prolactinoma may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). A minority of prolactinomas are associated with Carney complex, McCune-Albright Syndrome, MEN like syndrome (CKDN1B loss of function).[1]

Pathophysiology

Microscopic Pathology

Features of prolactinoma include:[2]

  • Loss of fibrous stroma
  • Normal (anterior) pituitary cells are nested

Notes:

  • Smears very well[3]

Stains

  • Reticulin - loss of reticulin between tumour cells

Associated Diseases

Prolactinoma may occur as part of a hereditary disorder called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). A minority of prolactinomas are associated with:[4][5]

Familial pituitary adenomas

A pituitary adenoma may be part of a familial syndrome:[6][7]

Syndrome Gene Notes
Multiple endocrine neoplasia I MEN1 characterized by the 3 Ps: pituitary adenoma, parathyroid adenoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour
MEN-1-like syndrome CDKN1B[8] also known as Multiple endocrine neoplasia IV[8]
Carney syndrome PRKAR1A other findings (mnemonic NAME): nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, ephelides (freckles)
Isolated pituitary adenoma[9] AIP classically growth hormone-producing adenoma - leads to acromegaly

References

  1. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma
  2. Template:Ref PSNP
  3. MUN. 24 November 2010.
  4. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma
  5. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/pituitary-adenoma
  6. Elston, MS.; McDonald, KL.; Clifton-Bligh, RJ.; Robinson, BG. (2009). "Familial pituitary tumor syndromes". Nat Rev Endocrinol. 5 (8): 453–61. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2009.126. PMID 19564887. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  7. Template:Ref PCPBoD8
  8. 8.0 8.1 Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) 600778
  9. Korbonits, M.; Storr, H.; Kumar, AV. (2012). "Familial pituitary adenomas - Who should be tested for AIP mutations?". Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04445.x. PMID 22612670. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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