Pneumomediastinum causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 8: Line 8:


==Causes==
==Causes==
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum may be caused without any underlying pathology in an apperently healthy individual.
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum may be caused without any underlying pathology in an apparently healthy individual.


Predisposing factors of pneumomediastinum<ref name="ChengVarghese2016">{{cite journal|last1=Cheng|first1=Guang-Shing|last2=Varghese|first2=Thomas K.|last3=Park|first3=David R.|title=Pneumomediastinum and Mediastinitis|year=2016|pages=1496–1510.e12|doi=10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00084-1}}</ref>:
Predisposing factors of pneumomediastinum<ref name="ChengVarghese2016">{{cite journal|last1=Cheng|first1=Guang-Shing|last2=Varghese|first2=Thomas K.|last3=Park|first3=David R.|title=Pneumomediastinum and Mediastinitis|year=2016|pages=1496–1510.e12|doi=10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00084-1}}</ref>:
Line 34: Line 34:
* [[Mediastinitis]]
* [[Mediastinitis]]
* [[Anorexia]]<ref name="pmid17909893">{{cite journal |author=Hatzitolios A, Ntaios G |title=Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum May Be Associated with Both Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2007 |pmid=17909893 |doi=10.1007/s00408-007-9037-7}}</ref>
* [[Anorexia]]<ref name="pmid17909893">{{cite journal |author=Hatzitolios A, Ntaios G |title=Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum May Be Associated with Both Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2007 |pmid=17909893 |doi=10.1007/s00408-007-9037-7}}</ref>
* [[Obesity]]<ref name="pmid17909893">{{cite journal |author=Hatzitolios A, Ntaios G |title=Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum May Be Associated with Both Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2007 |pmid=17909893 |doi=10.1007/s00408-007-9037-7}}</ref>
* [[Obesity]]
* [[Polymyositis and dermatomyositis|Dermatomyocitis]]  
* [[Polymyositis and dermatomyositis|Dermatomyocitis]]  
* [[Connective tissue disease|Connective tissue diseases]]
* [[Connective tissue disease|Connective tissue diseases]]
Line 158: Line 158:
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
* [[Anorexia]]
* [[Asthma]]
* Breathing Machines
* [[[Boerhaave syndrome]]
* [[Esophageal perforation]]
* [[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]][[pneumonia]]
* [[Obesity]]
* Oesophageal rupture
* Pulmonary [[barotrauma]]
{{col-end}}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 21:01, 14 December 2018

Pneumomediastinum Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pneumomediastinum from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

Pneumomediastinum causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pneumomediastinum causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Pneumomediastinum causes

CDC on Pneumomediastinum causes

Pneumomediastinum causes in the news

Blogs on Pneumomediastinum causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Pneumomediastinum

Risk calculators and risk factors for Pneumomediastinum causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2] Jacquelyne DiTroia

Overview

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum may be caused without any underlying pathology. Secondary pneumomediastinum may be caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the neck, chest or abdomen. Iatrogenic causes include disruption of the airways or GI tract during endoscopic procedures, intubation/extubation, central vascular access procedure, pleural cavity instrumentation, chest or abdominal surgery. Pneumomediastinum has also been associated with: Mycoplasma pneumonia, anorexia, obesity and pulmonary barotrauma in scuba diver or an airplane passenger during rapid ascends or descends.

Causes

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum may be caused without any underlying pathology in an apparently healthy individual.

Predisposing factors of pneumomediastinum[1]:

Iatrogenic causes include:

Pneumomediastinum has also been associated with:


  • Pneumomediastinum may be caused by a pulmonary barotrauma resulting when a person moves to or from a higher pressure environment, such as when a Scuba diver[5][6], a free-diver[7] or an airplane passenger[8] ascends or descends.


Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning Inhalation of varnish fumes.
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity.
Ear Nose Throat Esophageal perforation, Oesophageal rupture, Boerhaave syndrome
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Interventions in the tracheobronchial tree or GI tract such as endoscopies, intubation/extubation, surgical intervention such as thyroidectomy, tracheostomy.
Infectious Disease Tuberculosis, mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza pneumonia, measels.
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Dermatomyoscitis.
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Asthma, Pulmonary barotrauma, COPD, atelectasis, bronchiolitis.
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Blunt or penetrating truma to the chest or abdomen.
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental Tooth extraction.
Miscellaneous Anorexia, Obesity Breathing Machines, ascend/descend injury during deep sea diving.


References

  1. ↑ Cheng, Guang-Shing; Varghese, Thomas K.; Park, David R. (2016). "Pneumomediastinum and Mediastinitis": 1496–1510.e12. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00084-1.
  2. ↑ Utsumi T, Shiono H, Fukai I, Akashi A (2007). "Artificial pneumomediastinum facilitates thoracoscopic surgery in anterior mediastinum". Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. 6 (3): 411–2. doi:10.1510/icvts.2006.147355. PMID 17669882.
  3. ↑ Vázquez JL, Vázquez I, González ML, García-Tejedor JL, Repáraz A (2007). "Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax as presenting signs in severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia". doi:10.1007/s00247-007-0611-1. PMID 17899058.
  4. ↑ Hatzitolios A, Ntaios G (2007). "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum May Be Associated with Both Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity". doi:10.1007/s00408-007-9037-7. PMID 17909893.
  5. ↑ Tetzlaff K, Reuter M (1998). "Recurrent pulmonary barotrauma (PBT) in a previously healthy male scuba diver who suffered from repeated pneumomediastinum after shallow-water scuba dives". Undersea Hyperb Med. 25 (2): 127–8. PMID 9670439. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
  6. ↑ Dr. Richard Moon, Diver's Alert Network Vice President and Medical Director, http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=40
  7. ↑ Jacobson FL, Loring SH, Ferrigno M (2006). "Pneumomediastinum after lung packing". Undersea Hyperb Med. 33 (5): 313–6. PMID 17091828. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
  8. ↑ Nicol E, Davies G, Jayakumar P, Green ND (2007). "Pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum in a passenger on a commercial flight". Aviat Space Environ Med. 78 (4): 435–9. PMID 17484349. Retrieved 2008-06-05. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Pneumomediastinum_causes&oldid=1509868"