Pneumatosis intestinalis causes

Pneumatosis Intestinalis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

Pneumatosis intestinalis is primarily caused by trauma to the intestines from ischemic disease and surgical procedures. Life threatening causes should be identified immediately, including intestinal obstruction, perforation, ingestion of toxic chemicals, ischemia, or other sources of trauma. Bacterial infections are also common sources of pneumatosis intenstinalis.

Causes

Life threatening causes

• Intestinal ischemia
• Mesenteric vascular disease
• Intestinal obstruction
• Colitis
• Ingestion of corrosive agents
• Toxic megacolon
• Trauma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Intestinal perforation
• Ruptured diverticulum

Common Causes

• Adynamic ileus
• Asthma
• Bowel obstruction
• Bronchitis
• Chemotherapy
• Corticosteroids
• Cystic fibrosis
• Emphysema
• Endoscopy
• Enteritis
• Idiopathic
• Lactulose
• Organ transplantation
• Peptic ulcers
• Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
• Postsurgical anastomosis
• Scleroderma
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Intestinal ischemia
• Mesenteric vascular disease
• Intestinal obstruction

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	Caustic ingestions, Corrosive agents
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Scleroderma, Sclerotherapy
Drug Side Effect	Chemotherapy, Corticosteroids, Lactulose, Sorbitol, Steroids, Voglibose, Volvulus
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Amyloidosis
Environmental	Caustic ingestions
Gastroenterologic	Adynamic ileus, Bowel ischemia, Bowel necrosis, Bowel obstruction, Cecal ileus, Colitis, Colonoscopy, Crohn's disease, Emphysematous gastritis, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography , Endoscopic trauma, Endoscopy, Enteritis, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, Feeding jejunostomy tube, Hirschprung's disease, Intestinal infarction, Intestinal ischemia, Intestinal obstruction , Intestinal perforation, Intestinal pseudoobstruction, Ischaemic colitis, Jejunoileal bypass, Mesenteric ischemia, Mesenteric vascular disease, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Peptic ulcer disease, Pyloric stenosis, Ruptured diverticulum, Toxic megacolon, Ulcerative colitis, Whipples disease
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Bone marrow transplantation, Diabetes, Graft versus host disease, Intestinal infarction, Intestinal ischemia, Ischaemic colitis, Mesenteric ischemia, Mesenteric vascular disease, Sepsis
Iatrogenic	Bone marrow transplantation, Chemotherapy, Colonoscopy, Corticosteroids, Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography , Endoscopy, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, Feeding jejunostomy tube, Jejunoileal bypass, Mechanical ventilation, Organ transplantation, Postsurgical anastomosis, Pyloric stenosis, Solid organ transplantation, Stent perforation, Surgical trauma
Infectious Disease	Aids, Bronchitis, Clostridium difficile, Cryptosporidium, Cytomegalovirus , Enteritis, Mycobacterium avium, Sepsis, Tuberculosis, Typhlitis, Ulcerative colitis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Collagen vascular disease
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	Diabetes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Neutropenic colitis
Oncologic	Lymphoproliferative disorders
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Toxic megacolon
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Asthma, Bronchitis, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Emphysema, Emphysematous gastritis, Tuberculosis
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Amyloidosis, Crohn's disease, Cystic fibrosis, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Systemic sclerosis
Sexual	Aids
Trauma	Endoscopic trauma, Intestinal perforation, Ruptured diverticulum, Stent perforation, Surgical trauma, Trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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