Pleural effusion risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of pleural effusion are as follows:
- Increased serum VEGF, TNF-α and C3 levels are identified as important risk factors for presence of pleural effusions in POEMS syndrome.[1]
- Pre-existing lung damage or disease.
- Chronic smokers.
- neoplasia example lung cancer patients and individuals with any other type of lung tumor[2]
- alcohol abuse[2]
- Liver cirrhosis.
- Use of certain medications example dasatinib in the treatment of patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia.[3]and immunosuppressive medicine[2]
- Occupational exposure to asbestos.
- Heart failure.
- As a complication of some surgical procedures example Nuss procedure for correction of pectus excavatum.[4]
Surgery-related risk factors include the following:[5]
- Lower preoperative oxygen saturation
- presence of postoperative infection
- smaller conduit size
- longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass
References
- ↑ Cui RT, Yu SY, Huang XS, Zhang JT, Tian CL, Dou LP; et al. (2015). "Incidence and risk factors of pleural effusions in patients with POEMS syndrome". Hematol Oncol. 33 (2): 80–4. doi:10.1002/hon.2135. PMID 24519469.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Zablockis R, Petruskeviciene R, Nargela RV (2010). "[Causes and risk factors of pleural empyema and complicated parapneumonic pleural effusion]". Medicina (Kaunas). 46 (2): 113–9. PMID 20440084.
- ↑ Latagliata R, Breccia M, Fava C, Stagno F, Tiribelli M, Luciano L; et al. (2013). "Incidence, risk factors and management of pleural effusions during dasatinib treatment in unselected elderly patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia". Hematol Oncol. 31 (2): 103–9. doi:10.1002/hon.2020. PMID 22815278.
- ↑ Cheng YL, Lin CT, Wang HB, Chang H (2014). "Pleural effusion complicating after Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum". Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 20 (1): 6–11. PMID 23411850.
- ↑ Gupta A, Daggett C, Behera S, Ferraro M, Wells W, Starnes V (2004). "Risk factors for persistent pleural effusions after the extracardiac Fontan procedure". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 127 (6): 1664–9. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.09.011. PMID 15173721.