Pleural effusion natural history, complications and prognosis

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Pleural effusion Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Pleural Effusion from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT Scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Pleural effusion natural history, complications and prognosis On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pleural effusion natural history, complications and prognosis

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Pleural effusion natural history, complications and prognosis

CDC on Pleural effusion natural history, complications and prognosis

Pleural effusion natural history, complications and prognosis in the news

Blogs on Pleural effusion natural history, complications and prognosis

Directions to Hospitals Treating Pleural effusion

Risk calculators and risk factors for Pleural effusion natural history, complications and prognosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]

Overview

Complications of pleural effusion can result from the disease itself or from complication of treatment procedure. These include; empyema[1][2], Pneumothorax[3][4][5][6], Reexpansion pulmonary edema[7][8] and Postcardiac injury syndrome.[9][10][11]

Natural History

The symptoms of pleural effusion when left without treatment, the patient will develop worsening symptoms of respiratory distress with increasing accumulation of pleural fluid.

Complications

Complications of pleural effusion can result from the disease itself or from complication of treatment procedure.

Prognosis

The prognosis of pleural effusion depends upon the underlying disease. High expression of E-cadherin in pleural effusion cells predicts better prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients.[12] Imbalance of regulatory T cells/T helper IL-17-producing cells in malignant pleural effusion partially predicts poor prognosis. Also, a high ratio of regulatory T/Th17 cells in malignant pleural effusion highly correlates with poor survival.[13]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Molander V, Diakopoulou M, Orre L, Ferrara G (2013). "Chronic empyema: importance of preventing complications in the management of pleural effusions". BMJ Case Rep. 2013. doi:10.1136/bcr-2013-200454. PMC 3762540. PMID 23946529.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Sziklavari Z, Neu R, Hofmann HS, Ried M (2015). "[Persistent pleural effusion following thoracic surgery]". Chirurg. 86 (5): 432–6. doi:10.1007/s00104-014-2863-2. PMID 25920472.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Josephson T, Nordenskjold CA, Larsson J, Rosenberg LU, Kaijser M (2009). "Amount drained at ultrasound-guided thoracentesis and risk of pneumothorax". Acta Radiol. 50 (1): 42–7. doi:10.1080/02841850802590460. PMID 19052935.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Barnes TW, Morgenthaler TI, Olson EJ, Hesley GK, Decker PA, Ryu JH (2005). "Sonographically guided thoracentesis and rate of pneumothorax". J Clin Ultrasound. 33 (9): 442–6. doi:10.1002/jcu.20163. PMID 16281263.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Ponrartana S, Laberge JM, Kerlan RK, Wilson MW, Gordon RL (2005). "Management of patients with "ex vacuo" pneumothorax after thoracentesis". Acad Radiol. 12 (8): 980–6. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2005.04.013. PMID 16087092.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Díaz G, Castro DJ, Pérez-Rodríguez E (2000). "Factors contributing to pneumothorax after thoracentesis". Chest. 117 (2): 608–9. PMID 10669716.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Doelken P, Huggins JT, Pastis NJ, Sahn SA (2004). "Pleural manometry: technique and clinical implications". Chest. 126 (6): 1764–9. doi:10.1378/chest.126.6.1764. PMID 15596671.
  8. 8.0 8.1 Okubo T, Kawada M, Suzuki Y, Kawarada Y, Kitashiro S, Okushiba S (2013). "[Reexpansion pulmonary edema following thoracentesis]". Kyobu Geka. 66 (6): 456–9. PMID 23917048.
  9. 9.0 9.1 Namba R, Yamamoto Y, Nawa T, Endo K (2009). "[A case of postcardiac injury syndrome with repeated pleuritis after blunt chest trauma]". Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi. 47 (12): 1161–5. PMID 20058698.
  10. 10.0 10.1 Remetz MS, Cleman MW, Cabin HS (1989). "Pulmonary and pleural complications of cardiac disease". Clin Chest Med. 10 (4): 545–92. PMID 2689066.
  11. 11.0 11.1 Stelzner TJ, King TE, Antony VB, Sahn SA (1983). "The pleuropulmonary manifestations of the postcardiac injury syndrome". Chest. 84 (4): 383–7. PMID 6617272.
  12. Zhao C, Li X, Su C, Li J, Cheng N, Ren S; et al. (2015). "High expression of E-cadherin in pleural effusion cells predicts better prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients". Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 8 (3): 3104–9. PMC 4440133. PMID 26045824.
  13. Yang G, Li H, Yao Y, Xu F, Bao Z, Zhou J (2015). "Treg/Th17 imbalance in malignant pleural effusion partially predicts poor prognosis". Oncol Rep. 33 (1): 478–84. doi:10.3892/or.2014.3576. PMID 25371165.

Template:WH Template:WS