Pituitary carcinoma: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
* | *Pituitary carcinoma may be classified according to the tumor of cells involved into following subtypes/groups: | ||
:* | |||
:* | :*Corticotroph carcinoma | ||
:* | |||
*Other variants of pituitary carcinoma include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3]. | *Other variants of pituitary carcinoma include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3]. | ||
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*The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway. | *The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway. | ||
*On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of pituitary carcinoma | *On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of pituitary carcinoma | ||
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, hypochromatasia, [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of pituitary carcinoma<ref name="pmid9024719" /> | *On microscopic histopathological analysis, hypochromatasia, [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of pituitary carcinoma<ref name="pmid9024719" /> | ||
==Associated Conditions== | ==Associated Conditions== | ||
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== Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | == Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | ||
*The majority of patients with pituitary carcinoma remain asymptomatic or latent from a few months to 18 years depending upon the subtype.<ref name="pmid9024719">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pernicone PJ, Scheithauer BW, Sebo TJ, Kovacs KT, Horvath E, Young WF, Lloyd RV, Davis DH, Guthrie BL, Schoene WC |title=Pituitary carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases |journal=Cancer |volume=79 |issue=4 |pages=804–12 |date=February 1997 |pmid=9024719 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *The majority of patients with pituitary carcinoma remain asymptomatic or latent from a few months to 18 years depending upon the subtype.<ref name="pmid9024719">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pernicone PJ, Scheithauer BW, Sebo TJ, Kovacs KT, Horvath E, Young WF, Lloyd RV, Davis DH, Guthrie BL, Schoene WC |title=Pituitary carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases |journal=Cancer |volume=79 |issue=4 |pages=804–12 |date=February 1997 |pmid=9024719 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*If left untreated, [#%] of patients with pituitary carcinoma may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3]. | *If left untreated, [#%] of patients with pituitary carcinoma may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3]. | ||
*Common complications of pituitary carcinoma include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3]. | *Common complications of pituitary carcinoma include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3]. | ||
Revision as of 22:30, 29 July 2019
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2]
Overview
Historical Perspective
- pituitary carcinoma was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
- In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of pituitary carcinoma
- In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose pituitary carcinoma
Classification
- Pituitary carcinoma may be classified according to the tumor of cells involved into following subtypes/groups:
- Corticotroph carcinoma
- Other variants of pituitary carcinoma include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
Pathophysiology
- The pathogenesis of pituitary carcinoma is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
- The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of pituitary carcinoma
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, hypochromatasia, [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of pituitary carcinoma[1]
Associated Conditions
Differentiating pituitary carcinoma from other Diseases
- pituitary carcinoma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
- [Differential dx1]
- [Differential dx2]
- [Differential dx3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of pituitary carcinoma is very rare as it accounts for 0.1-0.2% of all pituitary tumors and approximately 4616 individuals worldwide and 207 in US.[2][1]
- In [year], the incidence of pituitary carcinoma was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop pituitary carcinoma.
- Pituitary carcinoma is more commonly observed among those in third or fifth decade of life.[3]
Gender
- Pituitary carcinoma affects men and women equally.[1]
Race
- There is no racial predilection for pituitary carcinoma
- pituitary carcinoma usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
- [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop pituitary carcinoma
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of pituitary carcinoma are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The majority of patients with pituitary carcinoma remain asymptomatic or latent from a few months to 18 years depending upon the subtype.[1]
- If left untreated, [#%] of patients with pituitary carcinoma may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- Common complications of pituitary carcinoma include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
- Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with pituitary carcinoma is approximately [#%].
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
- The diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
- [criterion 1]
- [criterion 2]
Symptoms
- Pituitary carcinoma is usually manifested as:[4]
Physical Examination
- Patients with pituitary carcinoma usually appear [general appearance].
- Physical examination may be remarkable for:
- [finding 1]
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific laboratory findings associated with pituitary carcinoma
- A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of pituitary carcinoma
- An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of pituitary carcinoma
- Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
Imaging Findings
- There are no [imaging study] findings associated with pituitary carcinoma
- [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for pituitary carcinoma
- On [imaging study 1], pituitary carcinoma is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
- [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
- pituitary carcinoma may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
- Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
- The mainstay of therapy for pituitary carcinoma is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
- [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1].
- Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for pituitary carcinoma
- [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of pituitary carcinoma
- [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] pituitary carcinoma
Prevention
- There are no primary preventive measures available for pituitary carcinoma
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Pernicone PJ, Scheithauer BW, Sebo TJ, Kovacs KT, Horvath E, Young WF, Lloyd RV, Davis DH, Guthrie BL, Schoene WC (February 1997). "Pituitary carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases". Cancer. 79 (4): 804–12. PMID 9024719.
- ↑ Daly AF, Tichomirowa MA, Beckers A (October 2009). "The epidemiology and genetics of pituitary adenomas". Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 23 (5): 543–54. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2009.05.008. PMID 19945022.
- ↑ Kontogeorgos G (October 2005). "Classification and pathology of pituitary tumors". Endocrine. 28 (1): 27–35. doi:10.1385/ENDO:28:1:027. PMID 16311407.
- ↑ Scheithauer BW, Jaap AJ, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Lloyd RV, Meyer FB, Laws ER, Young WF (September 2000). "Clinically silent corticotroph tumors of the pituitary gland". Neurosurgery. 47 (3): 723–9, discussion 729–30. doi:10.1097/00006123-200009000-00039. PMID 10981760.