Pimavanserin
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Martin Nino, M.D. [2]
Disclaimer
WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc drug pages is based upon the FDA package insert, National Library of Medicine content and practice guidelines / consensus statements. WikiDoc does not promote the administration of any medication or device that is not consistent with its labeling. Please read our full disclaimer here.
Black Box Warning
|
INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Pimavanserin is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis unrelated to the hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis.
|
Overview
Pimavanserin is an atypical antipsychotic that is FDA approved for the treatment of patients with hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include peripheral edema and confusional state (≥5% and twice the rate of placebo)..
Adult Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)
Indications
Pimavanserin is indicated for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis.
Dosage
- General Dosing Information
The recommended dose of Pimavanserin is 34 mg, taken orally as two 17 mg strength tablets once daily, without titration.
Pimavanserin can be taken with or without food.
- Dosage Modifications for Concomitant Use with CYP3A4 Inhibitors and Inducers
- Coadministration with Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors
The recommended dose of Pimavanserin when coadministered with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) is 17 mg, taken orally as one tablet once daily.
- Coadministration with Strong CYP3A4 Inducers
Monitor patients for reduced efficacy if Pimavanserin is used concomitantly with strong CYP3A4 inducers; an increase in Pimavanserin dosage may be needed.
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)
Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Pimavanserin in adult patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Pimavanserin in adult patients.
Pediatric Indications and Dosage
FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)
Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients.
Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)
Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Pimavanserin in pediatric patients.
Non–Guideline-Supported Use
There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Pimavanserin in pediatric patients.
Contraindications
None
Warnings
|
INCREASED MORTALITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA-RELATED PSYCHOSIS
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Pimavanserin is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis unrelated to the hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis.
|
Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis
Antipsychotic drugs increase the all-cause risk of death in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis. Analyses of 17 dementia-related psychosis placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of 10 weeks and largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs) revealed a risk of death in the drug-treated patients of between 1.6- to 1.7-times that in placebo-treated patients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in placebo-treated patients.
Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be either cardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature. Pimavanserin is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis unrelated to the hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis.
QT Interval Prolongation
Pimavanserin prolongs the QT interval. The use of Pimavanserin should be avoided in patients with known QT prolongation or in combination with other drugs known to prolong QT interval including Class 1A antiarrhythmics (e.g., quinidine, procainamide) or Class 3 antiarrhythmics (e.g., amiodarone, sotalol), certain antipsychotic medications (e.g., ziprasidone, chlorpromazine, thioridazine), and certain antibiotics (e.g., gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin). Pimavanserin should also be avoided in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmias, as well as other circumstances that may increase the risk of the occurrence of torsade de pointes and/or sudden death, including symptomatic bradycardia, hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, and the presence of congenital prolongation of the QT interval.
Adverse Reactions
Clinical Trials Experience
The following serious adverse reactions are discussed elsewhere in the labeling:
- Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis
- QT Interval Prolongation
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The clinical trial database for Pimavanserin consists of over 1200 subjects and patients exposed to one or more doses of Pimavanserin. Of these, 616 were patients with hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). In the placebo-controlled setting, the majority of experience in patients comes from studies evaluating once-daily Pimavanserin doses of 34 mg (N=202) compared to placebo (N=231) for up to 6 weeks. In the controlled trial setting, the study population was approximately 64% male and 91% Caucasian, and the mean age was about 71 years at study entry. Additional clinical trial experience in patients with hallucinations and delusions associated with PDP comes from two open-label, safety extension studies (total N=497). The majority of patients receiving long-term treatment received 34 mg once-daily (N=459). Over 300 patients have been treated for more than 6 months; over 270 have been treated for at least 12 months; and over 150 have been treated for at least 24 months.
The following adverse reactions are based on the 6-week, placebo-controlled studies in which Pimavanserin was administered once daily to patients with hallucinations and delusions associated with PDP.
Common Adverse Reactions (incidence ≥5% and at least twice the rate of placebo): peripheral edema (7% Pimavanserin 34 mg vs. 2% placebo) and confusional state (6% Pimavanserin 34 mg vs. 3% placebo).
Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation of Treatment
A total of 8% (16/202) of Pimavanserin 34 mg-treated patients and 4% (10/231) of placebo-treated patients discontinued because of adverse reactions. The adverse reactions that occurred in more than one patient and with an incidence at least twice that of placebo were hallucination (2% Pimavanserin vs. <1% placebo), urinary tract infection (1% Pimavanserin vs. <1% placebo), and fatigue (1% Pimavanserin vs. 0% placebo).
Adverse reactions that occurred in 6-week, placebo-controlled studies and that were reported at an incidence of ≥2% and >placebo are presented in Table 1.
- Table 1 Adverse Reactions in Placebo-Controlled Studies of 6-Week Treatment Duration and Reported in ≥2% and >Placebo
Adverse Reactions in Demographic Subgroups
Examination of population subgroups in the 6-week, placebo-controlled studies did not reveal any differences in safety on the basis of age (≤75 vs. >75 years) or sex. Because the study population was predominantly Caucasian (91%; consistent with reported demographics for PD/PDP), racial or ethnic differences in the safety profile of Pimavanserin could not be assessed. In addition, in the 6-week, placebo-controlled studies, no clinically relevant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions were observed among those with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at entry of <25 versus those with scores ≥25.
Postmarketing Experience
There is limited information regarding Pimavanserin Postmarketing Experience in the drug label.
Drug Interactions
Drugs Having Clinically Important Interactions with Pimavanserin
- Table 2 Clinically Important Drug Interactions with Pimavanserin
Drugs Having No Clinically Important Interactions with Pimavanserin
Based on pharmacokinetic studies, no dosage adjustment of carbidopa/levodopa is required when administered concomitantly with Pimavanserin.
Use in Specific Populations
Pregnancy
- Risk Summary
There are no data on Pimavanserin use in pregnant women that would allow assessment of the drug-associated risk of major congenital malformations or miscarriage. In animal reproduction studies, no adverse developmental effects were seen when Pimavanserin was administered orally to rats or rabbits during the period of organogenesis at doses up to 10- or 12-times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 34 mg/day, respectively. Administration of Pimavanserinto pregnant rats during pregnancy and lactation resulted in maternal toxicity and lower pup survival and body weight at doses which are 2-times the MRHD of 34 mg/day.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
- Data
- Animal Data
Pimavanserin was not teratogenic in pregnant rats when administered during the period of organogenesis at oral doses of 0.9, 8.5, and 51 mg/kg/day, which are 0.2- and 10-times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 34 mg/day based on AUC at mid and high doses, respectively. Maternal toxicity included reduction in body weight and food consumption at the highest dose.
Administration of Pimavanserin to pregnant rats during pregnancy and lactation at oral doses of 8.5, 26, and 51 mg/kg/day, which are 0.14- to 14-times the MRHD of 34 mg/day based on AUC, caused maternal toxicity, including mortality, clinical signs including dehydration, hunched posture, and rales, and decreases in body weight, and/or food consumption at doses ≥26 mg/kg/day (2-times the MRHD based on AUC). At these maternally toxic doses there was a decrease in pup survival, reduced litter size, and reduced pup weights, and food consumption. Pimavanserin had no effect on sexual maturation, neurobehavioral function including learning and memory, or reproductive function in the first generation pups up to 14-times the MRHD of 34 mg/day based on AUC.
Pimavanserin was not teratogenic in pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis at oral doses of 4.3, 43, and 85 mg/kg/day, which are 0.2- to 12-times the MRHD of 34 mg/day based on AUC. Maternal toxicity, including mortality, clinical signs of dyspnea and rales, decreases in body weight and/or food consumption, and abortions occurred at doses 12-times the MRHD of 34 mg/day based on AUC.
Pregnancy Category (AUS):
There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Pimavanserin in women who are pregnant.
Labor and Delivery
There is no FDA guidance on use of Pimavanserin during labor and delivery.
Nursing Mothers
There is no information regarding the presence of Pimavanserin in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for Pimavanserin and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from Pimavanserin or from the underlying maternal condition.
Pediatric Use
Safety and effectiveness of Pimavanserin have not been established in pediatric patients.
Geriatic Use
No dose adjustment is required for elderly patients.
Parkinson's disease is a disorder occurring primarily in individuals over 55 years of age. The mean age of patients enrolled in the 6-week clinical studies with Pimavanserin was 71 years, with 49% 65-75 years old and 31% >75 years old. In the pooled population of patients enrolled in 6-week, placebo-controlled studies (N=614), 27% had MMSE scores from 21 to 24 compared to 73% with scores ≥25. No clinically meaningful differences in safety or effectiveness were noted between these two groups.
Gender
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pimavanserin with respect to specific gender populations.
Race
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pimavanserin with respect to specific racial populations.
Renal Impairment
No dosage adjustment for Pimavanserin is needed in patients with mild to moderate (CrCL ≥30 mL/min, Cockcroft-Gault) renal impairment.
Use of Pimavanserin is not recommended in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCL <30 mL/min, Cockcroft-Gault). Pimavanserin has not been evaluated in this patient population.
Hepatic Impairment
Use of Pimavanserin is not recommended in patients with hepatic impairment. Pimavanserin has not been evaluated in this patient population.
Females of Reproductive Potential and Males
There is no FDA guidance on the use of Pimavanserin in women of reproductive potentials and males.
Immunocompromised Patients
There is no FDA guidance one the use of Pimavanserin in patients who are immunocompromised.
Administration and Monitoring
Administration
The recommended dose of Pimavanserin is 34 mg, taken orally as two 17 mg strength tablets once daily, without titration.
Pimavanserin can be taken with or without food.
Monitoring
There is limited information regarding Pimavanserin Monitoring in the drug label.
IV Compatibility
There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Pimavanserin and IV administrations.
Overdosage
Human Experience The pre-marketing clinical trials involving Pimavanserin in approximately 1200 subjects and patients do not provide information regarding symptoms with overdose. In healthy subject studies, dose-limiting nausea and vomiting were observed.
Management of Overdose There are no known specific antidotes for Pimavanserin. In managing overdose, cardiovascular monitoring should commence immediately and should include continuous ECG monitoring to detect possible arrhythmias. If antiarrhythmic therapy is administered, disopyramide, procainamide, and quinidine should not be used, as they have the potential for QT-prolonging effects that might be additive to those of Pimavanserin. Consider the long plasma half-life of Pimavanserin (about 57 hours) and the possibility of multiple drug involvement. Consult a Certified Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) for up-to-date guidance and advice.
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of Pimavanserin in the treatment of hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis is unknown. However, the effect of Pimavanserin could be mediated through a combination of inverse agonist and antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors and to a lesser extent at serotonin 5-HT2C receptors.
Structure
There is limited information regarding Pimavanserin Structure in the drug label.
Pharmacodynamics
''In vitro'', Pimavanserin acts as an inverse agonist and antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors with high binding affinity (Ki value 0.087 nM) and at serotonin 5-HT2C receptors with lower binding affinity (Ki value 0.44 nM). Pimavanserin shows low binding to sigma 1 receptors (Ki value 120 nM) and has no appreciable affinity (Ki value >300 nM), to serotonin 5-HT2B, dopaminergic (including D2), muscarinic, histaminergic, or adrenergic receptors, or to calcium channels.
Cardiac Electrophysiology
The effect of Pimavanserin on the QTc interval was evaluated in a randomized placebo- and positive-controlled double-blind, multiple-dose parallel thorough QTc study in 252 healthy subjects. A central tendency analysis of the QTc data at steady-state demonstrated that the maximum mean change from baseline (upper bound of the two-sided 90% CI) was 13.5 (16.6) msec at a dose of twice the therapeutic dose. A pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic analysis with Pimavanserin suggested a concentration-dependent QTc interval prolongation in the therapeutic range.
In the 6-week, placebo-controlled effectiveness studies, mean increases in QTc interval of ~5-8 msec were observed in patients receiving once-daily doses of Pimavanserin 34 mg. These data are consistent with the profile observed in a thorough QT study in healthy subjects. Sporadic QTcF values ≥500 msec and change from baseline values ≥60 msec were observed in subjects treated with Pimavanserin 34 mg; although the incidence was generally similar for Pimavanserin and placebo groups. There were no reports of torsade de pointes or any differences from placebo in the incidence of other adverse reactions associated with delayed ventricular repolarization in studies of Pimavanserin, including those patients with hallucinations and delusions associated with PDP.
Pharmacokinetics
NUPLAZID tablets are intended for oral administration only. Each round, white to off-white, immediate-release, film-coated tablet contains 20 mg of pimavanserin tartrate, which is equivalent to 17 mg of pimavanserin free base. Inactive ingredients include pregelatinized starch, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose. Additionally, the following inactive ingredients are present as components of the film coat: hypromellose, talc, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, and saccharin sodium.
Nonclinical Toxicology
There is limited information regarding Pimavanserin Nonclinical Toxicology in the drug label.
Clinical Studies
There is limited information regarding Pimavanserin Clinical Studies in the drug label.
How Supplied
There is limited information regarding Pimavanserin How Supplied in the drug label.
Storage
There is limited information regarding Pimavanserin Storage in the drug label.
Images
Drug Images
{{#ask: Page Name::Pimavanserin |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}
Package and Label Display Panel
{{#ask: Label Page::Pimavanserin |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}
Patient Counseling Information
There is limited information regarding Pimavanserin Patient Counseling Information in the drug label.
Precautions with Alcohol
Alcohol-Pimavanserin interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor regarding the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
Brand Names
There is limited information regarding Pimavanserin Brand Names in the drug label.
Look-Alike Drug Names
There is limited information regarding Pimavanserin Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.
Drug Shortage Status
Price
References
The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Friedman, JH (October 2013). "Pimavanserin for the treatment of Parkinson's disease psychosis". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 14 (14): 1969–1975. doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.819345. PMID 24016069.
- ↑ "Nuplazid (pimavanserin) Tablets, for Oral Use. U.S. Full Prescribing Information" (PDF). ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc. Retrieved 1 May 2016.