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== Overview ==
==Overview==
[[Diagnostic]] studies have resulted in significant increases in the identification of [[postpartum]] [[mental]] problems . To rule out an organic cause, [[laboratory]] tests and a complete [[physical examination]] should be performed. Rare [[medical]] [[diseases]] such as [[frontotemporal dementia]], [[Sheehan syndrome]], or [[frontal lobe]] [[tuberculoma]], can sometimes present as [[peripartum mood disturbances]]. [[Blood test]] and other tests are ordered to rule out any organic cause of [[peripartum mood disturbances]]. Then the [[physician]] asks a set of questions to [[diagnose]] the specific [[mood disorder]].


== Diagnostic Study of Choice ==
==Diagnostic Study of Choice==
A [[complete blood count]], [[electrolyte]]<nowiki/>s, [[BUN]], [[creatinine]], [[folate]], glucose,  [[thyroid function tests]],[[Vitamin B12]], [[calcium]], [[urinalysis]], and [[urine culture]] in a fever patient; and a [[urine]] [[drug]] [[Screening template|screen]] are some important [[laboratory]] tests. The diagnosis of [[Postpartum depression]] is made when at least 5 of the following mentioned [[diagnostic criteria]] are met: <ref name="pmid9086958">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stamp GE, Williams AS, Crowther CA |title=Predicting postnatal depression among pregnant women |journal=Birth |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=218–23 |date=December 1996 |pmid=9086958 |doi=10.1111/j.1523-536x.1996.tb00498.x |url=}}</ref>


=== Study of choice ===
*Changes in sleep pattern,<br>
[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
*Feelings of hopelessness or sadness,<br>
*Feelings of restlessness,<br>
*Loss of interest in activities,<br>
*Feelings of guilt,<br>
*Loss of energy,<br>
*Loss of [[concentration]],<br>
*Change in [[appetite]] or [[weight]],<br>
*Thoughts of death or [[suicide]].


OR
Patients with [[postpartum]] [[psychosis]] are diagnosed under the [[DSM]]-5, based on their primary [[mental illness]] with the addition of the "[[peripartum]] onset" if it
presents during [[pregnancy]] or within four weeks after [[delivery]].<ref name="urlDSM-5">{{cite web |url=https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm |title=DSM-5 |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
The [[diagnosis]] of [[postpartum]] blues is made if three or four of [[depressive]] [[symptoms]] are present.<ref name="urlPostpartum blues: a clinical syndrome and predictor of postnatal depression?: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology: Vol 18, No 1">{{cite web |url=https://doi.org/10.3109/01674829709085564 |title=Postpartum blues: a clinical syndrome and predictor of postnatal depression?: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology: Vol 18, No 1 |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* [Result 1]
The [[postpartum]] blues is defined by [[International Classification of Diseases]] – 10th Revision (ICD-10) as ''postpartum depression not otherwise specified''.
* [Result 2]
 
OR
 
[Name of the investigation] must be performed when:
* The patient presents with [symptom/sign 1], [symptom/sign 2], and [symptom/sign 3].
* A [name of test] is positive for [sign 1], [sign 2], and [sign 3] in the patient.
 
OR
 
[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
 
OR
 
The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
 
OR
 
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
 
OR
 
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on the clinical presentation.
 
OR
 
Investigations:
* Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
* Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
* Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
 
==== The comparison of various diagnostic studies for [disease name] ====
{|
|- style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;"
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" | Test
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Sensitivity
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Specificity
|-
! style="background: #696969; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Test 1
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
|-
! style="background: #696969; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Test 2
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |...%
|}
<small> [Name of test with higher sensitivity and specificity] is the preferred investigation based on the sensitivity and specificity</small>
 
===== Diagnostic results =====
The following finding(s) on performing [investigation name] is(are) confirmatory for [disease name]:
* [Finding 1]
* [Finding 2]
 
===== Sequence of Diagnostic Studies =====
The [name of investigation] must be performed when:
* The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
* A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.
 
OR
 
The various investigations must be performed in the following order:
* [Initial investigation]
* [2nd investigation]
 
=== Name of Diagnostic Criteria ===
 
'''It is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.'''
 
[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
 
OR
 
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].
 
OR
 
The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
 
OR
 
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:
* Criteria 1
* Criteria 2
* Criteria 3
 
OR
 
'''IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria'''
 
The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
 
OR
 
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
 
OR
 
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
 
OR
 
'''IF there are no established diagnostic criteria'''
 
There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 05:39, 5 August 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sunita Kumawat, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Diagnostic studies have resulted in significant increases in the identification of postpartum mental problems . To rule out an organic cause, laboratory tests and a complete physical examination should be performed. Rare medical diseases such as frontotemporal dementia, Sheehan syndrome, or frontal lobe tuberculoma, can sometimes present as peripartum mood disturbances. Blood test and other tests are ordered to rule out any organic cause of peripartum mood disturbances. Then the physician asks a set of questions to diagnose the specific mood disorder.

Diagnostic Study of Choice

A complete blood count, electrolytes, BUN, creatinine, folate, glucose,  thyroid function tests,Vitamin B12, calcium, urinalysis, and urine culture in a fever patient; and a urine drug screen are some important laboratory tests. The diagnosis of Postpartum depression is made when at least 5 of the following mentioned diagnostic criteria are met: [1]

  • Changes in sleep pattern,
  • Feelings of hopelessness or sadness,
  • Feelings of restlessness,
  • Loss of interest in activities,
  • Feelings of guilt,
  • Loss of energy,
  • Loss of concentration,
  • Change in appetite or weight,
  • Thoughts of death or suicide.

Patients with postpartum psychosis are diagnosed under the DSM-5, based on their primary mental illness with the addition of the "peripartum onset" if it presents during pregnancy or within four weeks after delivery.[2]

The diagnosis of postpartum blues is made if three or four of depressive symptoms are present.[3] The postpartum blues is defined by International Classification of Diseases – 10th Revision (ICD-10) as postpartum depression not otherwise specified.

References

  1. ↑ Stamp GE, Williams AS, Crowther CA (December 1996). "Predicting postnatal depression among pregnant women". Birth. 23 (4): 218–23. doi:10.1111/j.1523-536x.1996.tb00498.x. PMID 9086958.
  2. ↑ "DSM-5".
  3. ↑ "Postpartum blues: a clinical syndrome and predictor of postnatal depression?: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology: Vol 18, No 1".

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