Perforated eardrum: Difference between revisions

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'''For patient information, click [[Perforated eardrum (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information, click [[Perforated eardrum (patient information)|here]]'''
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{{SK}} Tympanic membrane perforation; eardrum - ruptured or perforated


==Overview==
==[[Perforated eardrum overview|Overview]]==
Rupture or perforation (hole) of the [[eardrum]] can occur in [[infection]], [[Physical trauma|trauma]] (e.g. by trying to clean the ear with sharp instruments), explosion or loud noise. Flying with a severe cold can also cause perforation due to changes in air pressure and blocked [[eustachian tube]]s resulting from the cold. This is especially true on landing.


Perforation of the eardrum leads to [[conductive hearing loss]].
==[[Perforated eardrum historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


The perforation may heal in a few weeks, or up to a few months. Some perforations require intervention - this may use a paper patch to promote healing (simple procedure in the office of an ear, nose and throat specialist), or surgery ([[tympanoplasty]]).
==[[Perforated eardrum pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


Hearing is usually recovered fully, but chronic infection over a long period may lead to permanent hearing loss.
==[[Perforated eardrum causes|Causes]]==


==Causes==
==[[Perforated eardrum differential diagnosis|Differentiating Perforated Eardrum from other Diseases]]==
Ear infections may cause a ruptured eardrum, more often in children. The infection causes pus or fluid to build up behind the [[eardrum]]. As the pressure increases, the eardrum may break open (rupture).


Damage to the eardrum can also occur from:
==[[Perforated eardrum epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
*A very loud noise close to the ear, such as a gunshot
 
*A rapid change in ear pressure, which may occur when flying, scuba diving, or driving in the mountains
==[[Perforated eardrum risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
*Foreign objects in the ear
 
*Injury to the ear (such as a powerful slap or explosion)
==[[Perforated eardrum natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
*Inserting cotton-tipped swabs or small objects into the ear to clean them


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Symptoms===
Ear [[pain]] may suddenly decrease right after your [[eardrum]] ruptures.


After the rupture, the patient may have:
[[Perforated eardrum history and symptoms|History and Symptoms ]] | [[ Perforated eardrum physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Perforated eardrum laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Perforated eardrum other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Perforated eardrum other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
*Drainage from the ear (drainage may be clear, pus, or bloody)
*Ear noise/ buzzing
*[[Earache]] or ear discomfort
*[[Hearing loss]] in the involved ear (hearing loss may not be total)
*Weakness of the face, or [[dizziness]] (in more severe cases)


===Physical Examination===
==Treatment==
====Ear Nose and Throat====
[[Perforated eardrum medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Perforated eardrum surgery |Surgery]] | [[Perforated eardrum primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Perforated eardrum secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Perforated eardrum cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Perforated eardrum future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
{| align:left
| [[Image:TYMPANIC PERFORATION LEFT LABELED.jpg|thumb|250px x 250px|Picture of a central left tympanic membrane perforation.]] || [[Image:TM Perforation Labeled 2 .jpg|thumb|250px x 250px|Picture of left tympanic membrane perforation.]] || [[Image:TM perforation SQ 478 L.jpg|thumb|250px x 250px|Picture of right inferior tympanic membrane perforation.]]
|}


==References==
==Case Studies==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Perforated eardrum case study one|Case #1]]


[[hr:Perforirani bubnjić]]
[[hr:Perforirani bubnjić]]
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[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
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Latest revision as of 23:38, 29 July 2020

Perforated eardrum

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Overview

Historical Perspective

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History and Symptoms

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Laboratory Findings

Other Imaging Findings

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Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Tympanic membrane perforation; eardrum - ruptured or perforated

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Perforated Eardrum from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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