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'''For patient information, click [[Perforated eardrum (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information, click [[Perforated eardrum (patient information)|here]]'''
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{{SK}} Tympanic membrane perforation; eardrum - ruptured or perforated


==Overview==
==[[Perforated eardrum overview|Overview]]==
Rupture or perforation (hole) of the [[eardrum]] can occur in [[infection]], [[Physical trauma|trauma]] (e.g. by trying to clean the ear with sharp instruments), explosion or loud noise. Flying with a severe cold can also cause perforation due to changes in air pressure and blocked [[eustachian tube]]s resulting from the cold. This is especially true on landing.


Perforation of the eardrum leads to [[conductive hearing loss]].
==[[Perforated eardrum historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


The perforation may heal in a few weeks, or up to a few months. Some perforations require intervention - this may use a paper patch to promote healing (simple procedure in the office of an ear, nose and throat specialist), or surgery ([[tympanoplasty]]).
==[[Perforated eardrum pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Perforated eardrum causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Perforated eardrum differential diagnosis|Differentiating Perforated Eardrum from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Perforated eardrum epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Perforated eardrum risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Perforated eardrum natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


Hearing is usually recovered fully, but chronic infection over a long period may lead to permanent hearing loss.
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Physical Examination===
====Ear Nose and Throat====
{| align:left
| [[Image:TYMPANIC PERFORATION LEFT LABELED.jpg|thumb|250px x 250px|Picture of a central left tympanic membrane perforation.]] || [[Image:TM Perforation Labeled 2 .jpg|thumb|250px x 250px|Picture of  left tympanic membrane perforation.]] || [[Image:TM perforation SQ 478 L.jpg|thumb|250px x 250px|Picture of right inferior tympanic membrane perforation.]]
|}


==References==
[[Perforated eardrum history and symptoms|History and Symptoms ]] | [[ Perforated eardrum physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Perforated eardrum laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Perforated eardrum other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Perforated eardrum other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
{{reflist|2}}
 
==Treatment==
[[Perforated eardrum medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Perforated eardrum surgery |Surgery]] | [[Perforated eardrum primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Perforated eardrum secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Perforated eardrum cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Perforated eardrum future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
 
==Case Studies==
[[Perforated eardrum case study one|Case #1]]


[[hr:Perforirani bubnjić]]
[[hr:Perforirani bubnjić]]
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[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
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Latest revision as of 23:38, 29 July 2020

Perforated eardrum

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Perforated Eardrum from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Tympanic membrane perforation; eardrum - ruptured or perforated

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Perforated Eardrum from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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