Patent ductus arteriosus epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==


*The PDA is commonly found in infants and constitutes only 2% of all congenital defects found in adults.  
*The PDA is commonly found in infants and constitutes only 2% of all congenital defects found in adults.  
*It is an isolated defect in 75% of cases, and is isolated in almost all adult cases.
*It is an isolated defect in 75% of cases, and is isolated in almost all adult cases.
*In the United States, the estimated incidence in children born at term is between 0.02% and 0.06% of live births.  
*In the United States, the estimated incidence in children born at term is between 0.02% and 0.06% of live births.
*The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus has increased over the past few decades. This is in part due to increased survival in the premature infants.
*The incidence is greater in children who are born-  
*The incidence is greater in children who are born-  
**Prematurely, with a history of perinatal asphyxia. Perinatal asphyxia usually only delays the closure of the ductus, and, over time, the ductus typically closes without specific therapy. Approximately 20% of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome have a PDA. In babies who are less than 1500 g at birth, many studies show the incidence of a PDA to exceed 30%. The increased patency in these groups is thought to be due to both [[hypoxia]] in babies with respiratory distress and immature ductal closure mechanisms in premature babies.
**Prematurely, with a history of perinatal asphyxia. Perinatal asphyxia delays the closure of the ductus. Approximately, 20% of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome have a patent ductus arteriosus. In babies who are less than 1500 g at birth, many studies show the incidence of a PDA to exceed 30%. The increased patency in these groups is thought to be due to both [[hypoxia]] in babies with respiratory distress and immature ductal closure mechanisms in premature babies.
**Children born at high altitude.  
**Increased incidences in infants with congenital rubella.
**Children born at high altitude.
**The female-to-male ratio is 2:1
**The female-to-male ratio is 2:1
**Increased incidences in infants with congenital rubella.
The ductus arteriosus is normally present in new born infants. It normally closes by first 10-18 hours of life. The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus has increased over the past few decades. This is in part due to increased survival in the premature infants.





Revision as of 14:00, 19 July 2011

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief:Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Keri Shafer, M.D. [3] Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [[4]]

Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[5]]


Epidemiology and Demographics

  • The PDA is commonly found in infants and constitutes only 2% of all congenital defects found in adults.
  • It is an isolated defect in 75% of cases, and is isolated in almost all adult cases.
  • In the United States, the estimated incidence in children born at term is between 0.02% and 0.06% of live births.
  • The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus has increased over the past few decades. This is in part due to increased survival in the premature infants.
  • The incidence is greater in children who are born-
    • Prematurely, with a history of perinatal asphyxia. Perinatal asphyxia delays the closure of the ductus. Approximately, 20% of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome have a patent ductus arteriosus. In babies who are less than 1500 g at birth, many studies show the incidence of a PDA to exceed 30%. The increased patency in these groups is thought to be due to both hypoxia in babies with respiratory distress and immature ductal closure mechanisms in premature babies.
    • Increased incidences in infants with congenital rubella.
    • Children born at high altitude.
    • The female-to-male ratio is 2:1


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