Pacemaker syndrome overview
|
Pacemaker syndrome Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Pacemaker syndrome overview On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pacemaker syndrome overview |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Pacemaker syndrome overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Pacemaker syndrome is a disease that represents the clinical consequences of suboptimal atrioventricular (AV) synchrony or AV dyssynchrony, regardless of the pacing mode, after the pacemaker plantation.[1][2]. It is an iatrogenicdisease that is often underdiagnosed[1][3]. In general, the symptoms of the syndrome are a combination of decreased cardiac output, loss of atrial contribution toventricular filling, loss of total peripheral resistance response, and nonphysiologic pressure waves.[2][4][5]
Individuals with a low heart rate prior to pacemaker implantation are more at risk of developing pacemaker syndrome. Normally the first chamber of the heart (atrium) contracts as the second chamber (ventricle) is relaxed, allowing the ventricle to fill before it contracts and pumps blood out of the heart. When the timing between the two chambers goes out of synchronization, less blood is delivered on each beat. Patients who develop pacemaker syndrome may require adjustment of the pacemaker timing, or another lead fitted to regulate the timing of the chambers separately.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ellenbogen KA, Gilligan DM, Wood MA, Morillo C, Barold SS (1997). "The pacemaker syndrome -- a matter of definition". Am. J. Cardiol. 79 (9): 1226–9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9149(97)00085-4. PMID 9164889. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Chalvidan T, Deharo JC, Djiane P (2000). "[Pacemaker syndromes]". Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) (in French). 49 (4): 224–9. PMID 12555483. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Baumgartner, William A.; Yuh, David D.; Luca A. Vricella (2007). The Johns Hopkins manual of cardiothoracic surgery. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Pub. ISBN 0-07-141652-8.
- ↑ Frielingsdorf J, Gerber AE, Hess OM (1994). "Importance of maintained atrio-ventricular synchrony in patients with pacemakers". Eur. Heart J. 15 (10): 1431–40. PMID 7821326. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Furman S (1994). "Pacemaker syndrome". Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 17 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1994.tb01342.x. PMID 7511223. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)