PPP1R1B

Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B (dopamine and cAMP regulated phosphoprotein, DARPP-32)
Identifiers
Symbols	PPP1R1B ; DARPP-32; DARPP32; FLJ20940
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 12972
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1B (dopamine and cAMP regulated phosphoprotein, DARPP-32), also known as PPP1R1B, is a human gene.

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons play a critical role in multiple brain functions, and abnormal signaling through dopaminergic pathways has been implicated in several major neurologic and psychiatric disorders. One well-studied target for the actions of dopamine is DARPP32. In the densely dopamine- and glutamate-innervated rat caudate-putamen, DARPP32 is expressed in medium-sized spiny neurons (Ouimet and Greengard, 1990) that also express dopamine D1 receptors (Walaas and Greengard, 1984). The function of DARPP32 seems to be regulated by receptor stimulation. Both dopaminergic and glutamatergic (NMDA) receptor stimulation regulate the extent of DARPP32 phosphorylation, but in opposite directions (Halpain et al., 1990). Dopamine D1 receptor stimulation enhances cAMP formation, resulting in the phosphorylation of DARPP32 (Walaas and Greengard, 1984); phosphorylated DARPP32 is a potent protein phosphatase-1 (see MIM 176875) inhibitor (Hemmings et al., 1984). NMDA receptor stimulation elevates intracellular calcium, which leads to activation of calcineurin and dephosphorylation of phospho-DARPP32, thereby reducing the phosphatase-1 inhibitory activity of DARPP32 (Halpain et al., 1990).[supplied by OMIM]

Further reading

• Meister B, Askergren J, Tunevall G; et al. (1992). "Identification of a dopamine- and 3'5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kD (DARPP-32) in parathyroid hormone-producing cells of the human parathyroid gland". J. Endocrinol. Invest. 14 (8): 655–61. PMID 1663529.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Meister B, Schultzberg M, Hemmings HC; et al. (1992). "Dopamine- and adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (DARPP-32) in the adrenal gland: immunohistochemical localization". J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 36 (1): 75–84. PMID 1721636.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Meister B, Arvidsson U, Hemmings HC; et al. (1992). "Dopamine- and adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32,000 (DARPP-32) in the retina of cat, monkey and human". Neurosci. Lett. 131 (1): 66–70. PMID 1791981.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Halpain S, Girault JA, Greengard P (1990). "Activation of NMDA receptors induces dephosphorylation of DARPP-32 in rat striatal slices". Nature. 343 (6256): 369–72. doi:10.1038/343369a0. PMID 2153935.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ouimet CC, Greengard P (1990). "Distribution of DARPP-32 in the basal ganglia: an electron microscopic study". J. Neurocytol. 19 (1): 39–52. PMID 2191086.
• Girault JA, Hemmings HC, Williams KR; et al. (1990). "Phosphorylation of DARPP-32, a dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, by casein kinase II". J. Biol. Chem. 264 (36): 21748–59. PMID 2557337.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Hemmings HC, Greengard P, Tung HY, Cohen P (1984). "DARPP-32, a dopamine-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein, is a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase-1". Nature. 310 (5977): 503–5. PMID 6087160.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Walaas SI, Greengard P (1984). "DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein enriched in dopamine-innervated brain regions. I. Regional and cellular distribution in the rat brain". J. Neurosci. 4 (1): 84–98. PMID 6319627.
• Brené S, Lindefors N, Ehrlich M; et al. (1994). "Expression of mRNAs encoding ARPP-16/19, ARPP-21, and DARPP-32 in human brain tissue". J. Neurosci. 14 (3 Pt 1): 985–98. PMID 8120638.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. PMID 8125298.
• Kwon YG, Huang HB, Desdouits F; et al. (1997). "Characterization of the interaction between DARPP-32 and protein phosphatase 1 (PP-1): DARPP-32 peptides antagonize the interaction of PP-1 with binding proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (8): 3536–41. PMID 9108011.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K; et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. PMID 9373149.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Mayerhofer A, Hemmings HC, Snyder GL; et al. (1999). "Functional dopamine-1 receptors and DARPP-32 are expressed in human ovary and granulosa luteal cells in vitro". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (1): 257–64. PMID 9920093.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Bibb JA, Snyder GL, Nishi A; et al. (2000). "Phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by Cdk5 modulates dopamine signalling in neurons". Nature. 402 (6762): 669–71. doi:10.1038/45251. PMID 10604473.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Mayerhofer A, Fritz S, Grünert R; et al. (2001). "D1-Receptor, DARPP-32, and PP-1 in the primate corpus luteum and luteinized granulosa cells: evidence for phosphorylation of DARPP-32 by dopamine and human chorionic gonadotropin". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85 (12): 4750–7. PMID 11134138.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• El-Rifai W, Smith MF, Li G; et al. (2002). "Gastric cancers overexpress DARPP-32 and a novel isoform, t-DARPP". Cancer Res. 62 (14): 4061–4. PMID 12124342.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Beckler A, Moskaluk CA, Zaika A; et al. (2003). "Overexpression of the 32-kilodalton dopamine and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein in common adenocarcinomas". Cancer. 98 (7): 1547–51. doi:10.1002/cncr.11654. PMID 14508844.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Varis A, Zaika A, Puolakkainen P; et al. (2004). "Coamplified and overexpressed genes at ERBB2 locus in gastric cancer". Int. J. Cancer. 109 (4): 548–53. doi:10.1002/ijc.20001. PMID 14991576.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)