Orders of magnitude (energy)

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This list compares various energies in joules (J), organized by order of magnitude.

Less than 10-24

10-24

SI prefix: yocto- (yJ)

  • 1.5×10-23 J, the average kinetic energy of a molecule in the Boomerang Nebula, the coldest place known outside of a laboratory, at a temperature of 1 kelvin

10-21

SI prefix: zepto- (zJ)

10-18

SI prefix: atto- (aJ)

10-15

SI prefix: femto- (fJ)

  • 5.0×10-14 J, the upper bound of the mass-energy of a muon neutrino
  • 8.187×10-14 J, the rest mass-energy of an electron

10-12

SI prefix: pico- (pJ)

10-9

SI prefix: nano- (nJ)

10-6

SI prefix: micro- (µJ)

10-3

SI prefix: milli- (mJ)

10-2

SI prefix: centi- (cJ)

10-1

SI prefix: deci- (dJ)

  • 1×10-1 J, the energy of a half-dollar falling 1 metre or of a typewriter key press[2]

100

1 J in everyday life is approximately:

the energy required to lift a small apple (102 grams) one meter against Earth's gravity
the amount of energy that a quiet person produces as heat, every hundredth of a second
the energy required to heat one gram of dry, cool air by 1 degree Celsius

101

SI prefix: deca- (daJ)

102

SI prefix: hecto- (hJ)

  • 6×102 J, the use of a 10-watt flashlight for one minute[2]
  • 7.457×102 J, a power of one horsepower applied for one second
  • 9×102 J, the energy of a lethal dose of X-rays[2]

103

SI prefix: kilo- (kJ)

106

SI prefix: mega- (MJ)

  • 1×106 J, approximately the nutritional value of a snack such as a Mars bar
  • 6.3×106 J, the recommended nutritional intake per day for a woman not doing heavy labour
  • 8.4×106 J, the recommended nutritional intake for a man
  • 1×107 J, the energy of a day's worth of heavy labour[2]
  • 1.05×108 J ≈ 1 therm, depending on the temperature

109

SI prefix: giga- (GJ)

1012

SI prefix: tera- (TJ)

1015

SI prefix: peta- (PJ)

  • 2.07×1015 J, the yearly electricity production in Togo, Africa as of 2005[6]
  • 4.184×1015 J, the amount of energy in 1 megaton of TNT
  • 1.0×1016 J, the estimated impact energy released in forming Meteor Crater
  • 4.42×1016 J, the yearly electricity consumption in Zimbabwe as of 2005[6]
  • 8.988×1016 J, the amount of energy in 1 kilogram of antimatter
  • 1.74×1017 J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each second[7]
  • 2.1×1017 J, the yield of the Tsar Bomba, the largest nuclear weapon ever tested
  • 4.10×1017 J, the yearly electricity consumption of Norway as of 2005[6]
  • 4.184×1017 J, 100 megatons, a potential nuclear weapon yield[2]
  • 8.4×1017 J, the estimated energy released by the eruption of the Indonesian volcano, Krakatoa, in 1883[8]

1018

SI prefix: exa- (EJ)

  • 2×1018 J, 475 megatons, the energy released by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake [9]
  • 1.37×1019 J, the yearly electricity consumption in the U.S. as of 2005[6]
  • 1.46×1019J, the yearly electricity production in the U.S. as of 2005[10]
  • 5.2×1019 J, the daily energy released by an average hurricane producing rain (400 times greater than the wind energy).[11]
  • 5.67×1019 J, the yearly electricity consumption of the world as of 2005[6]
  • 6.25*1019 J, the yearly electricity generation of the world as of 2005[12]
  • 8.01*1020 J, Estimated global uranium resources for generating electricity 2005.[13][14][15][16]

1021

SI prefix: zetta- (ZJ)

  • 6.5×1021 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's natural gas reserves as of 2006[17]
  • 7.4×1021 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's petroleum reserves as of 2003
  • 1.5×1022J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each day[7]
  • 2.1×1022 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's coal reserves as of 2005[18]
  • 2.9×1022 J, identified global Uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology.[13]
  • 3.9×1022 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's fossil fuel reserves as of 2003
  • 2.2×1023 J, total global Uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology.[13]
  • 5.0×1023 J, the approximate energy released in the formation of the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatán Peninsula[10]

1024 and above

SI prefix: yotta- (YJ)

  • 5.5×1024 J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each year[7]
  • 3.86×1026 J, the total energy output of the Sun each second[19]
  • 3.34×1031 J, the total energy output of the Sun each day[19]
  • 2.4×1032 J, the gravitational binding energy of the Earth[20]
  • 2.7×1033 J, the Earth's kinetic energy in its orbit[11][3]
  • 1.22×1034 J, the total energy output of the Sun each year[19]
  • 5.37×1041 J, the theoretical total mass-energy of the Earth
  • 6.9×1041 J, the gravitational binding energy of the Sun[20]
  • 1.2×1044 J, the estimated energy released in a supernova[21]
  • 1×1046 J, the estimated energy released in a hypernova
  • 1×1047 J, the energy released in an intense gamma ray burst
  • 1.8×1047 J, the theoretical total mass-energy of the Sun
  • 4×1058 J, the visible mass-energy in our galaxy, the Milky Way
  • 1×1059 J, the total mass-energy of the galaxy, including dark matter and dark energy
  • 4×1069 J, the estimated total mass-energy of the observable universe[12]

SI multiples

Template:SI multiples

Template:SI unit lowercase

Notes

  1. http://public.web.cern.ch/Public/en/Science/Glossary-en.php
  2. 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 Wallechinsky, David; Wallace, Irving; Wallace, Amy (1977 (1st Bantam ed., February 1978)). The Book of Lists. Bantam Books. pp. 268–271. ISBN 0553111507. Check date values in: |year= (help)
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 <math>KE = \tfrac{1}{2}mv^2</math>
  4. <math>E_p = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{G}}</math>
  5. 5.0 5.1 Energy Units, by Arthur Smith, 21 January, 2005
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table62.xls from the Energy Information Administration [1]
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 The Earth has a cross section of 1.274×1014 square meters and the solar constant is 1366 watts per square meter.
  8. Krakatoa#Legacy of the 1883 eruption
  9. "FAQ". usgs.gov. 2006-09-19.
  10. http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table63.xls from the Energy Information Administration [2]
  11. FAQ : HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES noaa.gov
  12. [3]U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Generation
  13. 13.0 13.1 13.2 Global Uranium Resource
  14. U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Generation
  15. U.S. EIA International Energy Outlook 2007.
  16. Final number is computed. Energy Outlook 2007 shows 15.9% of world energy is nuclear. IAEA estimates conventional uranium stock, at today's prices is sufficient for 85 years. Convert billion KW hours to joules then: 6.25*10^19 x .159 x 85 = 8.01*10^20
  17. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/reserves.xls from the Energy Information Administration [4]
  18. http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iea2003/table82.xls from the Energy Information Administration [5]
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 The Sun at http://www.nineplanets.org
  20. 20.0 20.1 <math>U = \frac{(3/5)GM^2}{r}</math>
    Chandrasekhar, S. 1939, An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure (Chicago: U. of Chicago; reprinted in New York: Dover), section 9, eqs. 90-92, p. 51 (Dover edition)
    Lang, K. R. 1980, Astrophysical Formulae (Berlin: Springer Verlag), p. 272
  21. Khokhlov, A.; Mueller, E.; Hoeflich, P. (1993). "Light curves of Type IA supernova models with different explosion mechanisms". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 270 (1–2): 223–248. Retrieved 2007-07-10.

See also

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