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==Overview==
==[[Opportunistic infection overview|Overview]]==
An '''opportunistic infection''' is an infection caused by [[pathogen]]s, particularly [[Opportunism|opportunistic]] pathogens—those that take advantage of certain situations—such as bacterial, viral, fungal or protozoan infections that usually do not cause disease in a healthy host,  one with a healthy immune system. A [[Immunodeficiency|compromised immune system]], however, presents an "opportunity" for the pathogen to infect.


==Causes==
==[[Opportunistic infection historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
Immunodeficiency or [[immunosuppression]] can be caused by:
* [[Malnutrition]]
* [[Fatigue_(medical)|Fatigue]]
* Recurrent [[infection]]s
* [[Immunosuppressive drug|Immunosuppressing agents]] for [[organ transplant]] recipients
* Advanced [[HIV]] infection
* [[Chemotherapy]] for [[cancer]]
* [[genetics|Genetic]] predisposition
* [[Skin]] damage
* [[Antibiotic]] treatment
* Medical procedures
* Pregnancy


==Types of infections==
==[[Opportunistic infection classification|Classification]]==
{{See|Immunodeficiency}}
These infections include:


* ''[[Acinetobacter baumanni]]''
==[[Opportunistic infection pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
* ''[[Aspergillus]]'' sp.
 
* ''[[Candida albicans]]''
==[[Opportunistic infection causes|Causes]]==
* ''[[Clostridium difficile]]''
 
* ''[[Cryptococcus neoformans]]''
==[[Opportunistic infection differential diagnosis|Differentiating Opportunistic Infection from other Diseases]]==
* ''[[Cryptosporidium]]''
 
* ''[[Cytomegalovirus]]''
==[[Opportunistic infection epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
* ''[[Geomyces destructans]]''
 
* ''[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]''
==[[Opportunistic infection risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
* ''[[Isospora belli]]''
 
* ''[[JC virus|Polyomavirus JC polyomavirus]]'', the virus that causes [[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]].
==[[Opportunistic infection screening|Screening]]==
* ''[[Kaposi's Sarcoma]] caused by [[Human herpesvirus 8]] (HHV8)'', also called Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)
 
* ''[[Legionellosis|Legionnaires' Disease (Legionella pneumophila)]]''
==[[Opportunistic infection natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
* ''[[Microsporidium]]''
 
* ''[[Mycobacterium avium complex]] (MAC) (Nontuberculosis Mycobacterium)''
==Diagnosis==
* [[Pneumocystis pneumonia|''Pneumocystis jirovecii'']], previously known as ''[[Pneumocystis carinii]]'' f. ''[[hominis]]''
[[Opportunistic infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Opportunistic infection physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Opportunistic infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Opportunistic infection chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Opportunistic infection other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Opportunistic infection other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
* ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''
* ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''
* ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]''
* ''[[Streptococcus pyogenes]]''
* ''[[Toxoplasma gondii]]''


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Treatment depends on the type of opportunistic infection, but usually involves different  [[antibiotic]]s.
[[Opportunistic infection medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Opportunistic infection surgery|Surgery]] | [[Opportunistic infection primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Opportunistic infection secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Opportunistic infection cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Opportunistic infection future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Veterinary treatment==
==Case Studies==
Opportunistic infections caused by [[Feline Leukemia Virus]] and [[Feline immunodeficiency virus]] [[retroviral]] infections can be treated with [[Lymphocyte T-Cell Immune Modulator]].
[[Opportunistic infection case study one|Case #1]]


==References==
[[Category:Disease]]
{{reflist|2}}


{{commons category|Opportunistic pathogens}}
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Immune system disorders]]
[[Category:Immune system disorders]]
 
<br>
 
{{WH}}
[[ar:عدوى انتهازية]]
{{WS}}
[[bs:Oportunistička infekcija]]
[[cs:Oportunní infekce]]
[[de:Opportunistischer Erreger]]
[[el:Ευκαιριακή λοίμωξη]]
[[es:Infección oportunista]]
[[fa:عفونت فرصت‌طلب]]
[[fr:Maladie opportuniste]]
[[id:Infeksi oportunistik]]
[[is:Tækifærissýking]]
[[it:Infezione opportunistica]]
[[nl:Opportunistische infectie]]
[[ja:日和見感染]]
[[pl:Zakażenie oportunistyczne]]
[[pt:Doença oportunista]]
[[ru:Оппортунистические заболевания]]
[[sl:Oportunistična okužba]]
[[sv:Opportunistisk infektion]]
[[ta:தருணத் தொற்று]]
[[th:การติดเชื้อฉวยโอกาส]]
[[uk:Опортуністична інфекція]]
[[zh:机会性感染]]

Latest revision as of 18:32, 18 September 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Opportunistic Infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Chest X Ray | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1
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