Open-angle glaucoma

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Breast Cancer Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Type chapter name here from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Radiation therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Open-angle glaucoma On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Open-angle glaucoma

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Open-angle glaucoma

CDC on Open-angle glaucoma

Open-angle glaucoma in the news

Blogs on Open-angle glaucoma

Directions to Hospitals Treating Type chapter name here

Risk calculators and risk factors for Open-angle glaucoma

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan Bir Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Open-angle Glaucoma
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (H40.11)
  • not associated with known ocular or systemic disorders that cause increased resistance to aqueous outflow or damage to optic nerve
  • usually associated with elevated IOP
Normal-tension glaucoma (H40.12)
  • considered in continuum of POAG; often used when IOP is not elevated
Juvenile open-angle glaucoma
  • used when open-angle glaucoma diagnosed at young age (typically 10-30 years of age)
Glaucoma suspect (H40.0)
  • normal optic disc and visual field associated with elevated IOP
  • suspicious optic disc and/or visual field with normal IOP
Secondary open-angle glaucoma
  • increased resistance to trabecular meshwork outflow associated with other conditions (e.g. pigmentary-, phacolytic-, steroid-induced-)
  • increased posttrabecular resistance to outflow secondary to elevated episcleral venous pressure (e.g. carotid cavernous sinus fistula)

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Any Disease from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) poses a significant public health problem. The estimated prevalence of POAG in the United States in individuals older than 40 years is 1.86% (95% confidence interval, 1.75%–1.96%), based on a meta-analysis of population-based studies. Applied to data from the 2000 US census, this percentage translates to nearly 2.22 million Americans affected. Estimates based on the available data indicate that between 84,000 and 116,000 of them have become bilaterally blind (best-corrected visual acuity ≤20/200 or visual field <20°). With the rapidly aging US population, the number of POAG patients is estimated to increase by 50%, to 3.36 million in 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) undertook an analysis of the literature to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and severity of the different types of glaucoma on a worldwide basis. Using data collected predominantly in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the WHO estimated the global population of persons with high IOP (>21 mm Hg) to be 104.5 million. The incidence of POAG was estimated at 2.4 million persons per year. Blindness prevalence for all types of glaucoma was estimated at more than 8 million persons, with 4 million cases caused by POAG. Glaucoma was theoretically calculated to be responsible for 12.3% of blindness. This makes glaucoma the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, following cataract.

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WH Template:WS