Netilmicin: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
(23 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
{{Drugbox
{{CMG}}
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 462259703
| IUPAC_name = (2''R'',3''R'',4''R'',5''R'')-​2-​{[(1''S'',2''S'',3''R'',4''S'',6''R'')-​4-​amino-​3-​{[(2''S'',3''R'')-​3-​amino-​6-​(aminomethyl)-​3,4-​dihydro-2''H''-​pyran-​2-​yl]oxy}-​6-​(ethylamino)-​2-​hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy}-​5-​methyl-​4-​(methylamino)oxane-​3,5-diol
| image = Netilmicin.png


==Overview==
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename =
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|streptomycin-sulfate}}
| MedlinePlus = a605011
| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
| pregnancy_category = 
| legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 -->
| legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD -->
| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only -->
| legal_status = 
| routes_of_administration = 


Netilmicin is a member of the [[aminoglycoside]] family of [[antibiotic]]s. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of [[bacteria]]. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to [[gentamicin]].
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = ~0%
| protein_bound = 
| metabolism = 
| elimination_half-life = 2.5 hours
| excretion = 


==Category==
<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 56391-56-1
| ATC_prefix = J01
| ATC_suffix = GB07
| ATC_supplemental =  {{ATC|S01|AA23}}
| PubChem = 41859
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00955
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 38195
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 4O5J85GJJB
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D08268
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1572


Aminoglycoside
<!--Chemical data-->
 
| C=21 | H=41 | N=5 | O=7
==US Brand Names==
| molecular_weight = 475.58 g/mol
 
| smiles = O[C@]3(C)[C@H](NC)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](NCC)C[C@H](N)[C@@H](OC1O\C(=C/CC1N)CN)[C@@H]2O)OC3
NETROMYCIN<sup>®</sup> (''DISCONTINUED'')
| InChI = 1/C21H41N5O7/c1-4-26-13-7-12(24)16(32-19-11(23)6-5-10(8-22)31-19)14(27)17(13)33-20-15(28)18(25-3)21(2,29)9-30-20/h5,11-20,25-29H,4,6-9,22-24H2,1-3H3/t11?,12-,13+,14-,15+,16+,17-,18+,19?,20+,21-/m0/s1
 
| InChIKey = CIDUJQMULVCIBT-KALHTFJLBI
==Prescribing Information==
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
 
| StdInChI = 1S/C21H41N5O7/c1-4-26-13-7-12(24)16(32-19-11(23)6-5-10(8-22)31-19)14(27)17(13)33-20-15(28)18(25-3)21(2,29)9-30-20/h5,11-20,25-29H,4,6-9,22-24H2,1-3H3/t11?,12-,13+,14-,15+,16+,17-,18+,19?,20+,21-/m0/s1
====Contraindications====
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
 
| StdInChIKey = CIDUJQMULVCIBT-KALHTFJLSA-N
* [[Hypersensitivity]] to netilmicin products/aminoglycosides.
}}
 
              __NOTOC__
====Warnings and Precautions====
{{SI}}
 
{{CMG}}
* Pre-existing renal, vestibular, or auditory impairment
 
* Concomitant [[anesthesia]] or neuromuscular blockers
 
* Concomitant [[neurotoxic]], [[ototoxic]], or [[nephrotoxic]] drugs, age (very young/very old), and [[dehydration]]; risk factors for toxicity
 
===={{pcat}} D====
 
======Breast Feeding======
 
* Infant risk cannot be ruled out.
 
====Adverse Reactions====
 
* '''Neurologic''': Neuromuscular blockade finding
 
* '''Otic''': [[Ototoxicity]]
 
* '''Renal''': [[Nephrotoxicity]]
 
* '''Respiratory''': Respiratory tract paralysis, Concomitant anesthesia, muscle relaxants
 
====Dosage and Administration====
 
======Intravenous======
 
* '''Adults''': dilute dose in 50 to 200 mL NS or D5W; infuse over one-half to 2 h.
 
: Dose may be injected directly into vein or IV tubing over 3 to 5 min.
 
======Adult======
 
* Disease due to Gram-negative bacteria, Susceptible infections due to Pseudomonas and other gram-negative organisms: non-life-threatening infections, 4 to 6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in three equal doses every 8 hours, two equal doses every 12 hours, or once daily for 7 to 14 days.
 
* Disease due to Gram-negative bacteria, Susceptible infections due to Pseudomonas and other gram-negative organisms: life-threatening infections, up to 7.5 mg/kg/day IV or IM in three equal doses administered every 8 hours; reduce dose to 6 mg/kg/day or less as soon as clinically indicated.
 
* Gonorrhea: 300 mg single IM dose; adjust dose using lean body weight for small or large patients.
 
* Infection of skin AND/OR subcutaneous tissue: non-life-threatening infections, 4 to 6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in three equal doses every 8 hours, two equal doses every 12 hours, or once daily for 7 to 14 days.
 
* Infection of skin AND/OR subcutaneous tissue: life-threatening infections, up to 7.5 mg/kg/day IV or IM in three equal doses administered every 8 hours; reduce dose to 6 mg/kg/day or less as soon as clinically indicated.
 
* Infectious disease of abdomen: non-life-threatening infections, 4 to 6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in three equal doses every 8 hours, two equal doses every 12 hours, or once daily for 7 to 14 days.
 
* Infectious disease of abdomen: life-threatening infections, up to 7.5 mg/kg/day IV or IM in three equal doses administered every 8 hours; reduce dose to 6 mg/kg/day or less as soon as clinically indicated.
 
* Lower respiratory tract infection: non-life-threatening infections, 4 to 6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in three equal doses every 8 hours, two equal doses every 12 hours, or once daily for 7 to 14 days.
 
* Lower respiratory tract infection: life-threatening infections, up to 7.5 mg/kg/day IV or IM in three equal doses administered every 8 hours; reduce dose to 6 mg/kg/day or less as soon as clinically indicated.
 
* Urinary tract infectious disease: 4 to 6 mg/kg/day IV or IM in three equal doses every 8 hours, two equal doses every 12 hours, or once daily for 7 to 14 days.
 
* Urinary tract infectious disease: uncomplicated, 3 mg/kg/day IM for 7 to 10 days.
 
======Pediatric======
 
* Disease due to Gram-negative bacteria, Susceptible infections due to Pseudomonas and other gram-negative organisms: (neonates, premature and normal gestational age) 0 to 1 week of age, 3 mg/kg IV or IM every 12 hours.
 
* Disease due to Gram-negative bacteria, Susceptible infections due to Pseudomonas and other gram-negative organisms: (neonates and infants) over 1 week of age, 2.5 to 3 mg/kg IV or IM every 8 hours.
 
* Disease due to Gram-negative bacteria, Susceptible infections due to Pseudomonas and other gram-negative organisms: children, 2 to 2.5 mg/kg IV or IM every 8 hours.
 
* Infection of skin AND/OR subcutaneous tissue: (neonates, premature and normal gestational age) 0 to 1 week of age, 3 mg/kg IV or IM every 12 hours.
 
* Infection of skin AND/OR subcutaneous tissue: (neonates and infants) over 1 week of age, 2.5 to 3 mg/kg IV or IM every 8 hours.
 
* Infection of skin AND/OR subcutaneous tissue: children, 2 to 2.5 mg/kg IV or IM every 8 hours.
 
* Infectious disease of abdomen: (neonates, premature and normal gestational age) 0 to 1 week of age, 3 mg/kg IV or IM every 12 hours.
 
* Infectious disease of abdomen: (neonates and infants) over 1 week of age, 2.5 to 3 mg/kg IV or IM every 8 hours.
 
* Infectious disease of abdomen: children, 2 to 2.5 mg/kg IV or IM every 8 hours.
 
* Lower respiratory tract infection: (neonates, premature and normal gestational age) 0 to 1 week of age, 3 mg/kg IV or IM every 12 hours.
 
* Lower respiratory tract infection: (neonates and infants) over 1 week of age, 2.5 to 3 mg/kg IV or IM every 8 hours.
 
* Lower respiratory tract infection: children, 2 to 2.5 mg/kg IV or IM every 8 hours.
 
* Urinary tract infectious disease: (neonates, premature and normal gestational age) 0 to 1 week of age, 3 mg/kg IV or IM every 12 hours.
 
* Urinary tract infectious disease: (neonates and infants) over 1 week of age, 2.5 to 3 mg/kg IV or IM every 8 hours.
 
* Urinary tract infectious disease: children, 2 to 2.5 mg/kg IV or IM every 8 hours.
 
====Dose Adjustments====


* Renal impairment: dose adjustment is necessary: give initial dose, draw at least 2 serum drug levels and make dose and interval adjustments based on patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters
==Overview==   
'''Netilmicin''' is a member of the [[aminoglycoside]] family of [[antibiotic]]s. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of [[bacteria]]. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the [[Gastrointestinal tract|gut]] and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious [[infection]]s particularly those resistant to [[gentamicin]].


* Hemodialysis: 2 mg/kg following each dialysis session; make adjustments based on serum drug concentrations
== Available dosage forms ==


* Obese patients: dosing should be based on ideal body weight; in morbidly obese patients, dosing weight = ideal body weight + 0.4 (total body weight - ideal body weight)
Available dosage forms include:<br/>
*[[UK]]: netilmicin (as sulfate):
**10&nbsp;mg/mL (1.5 mL amp)
**50&nbsp;mg/mL (1-mL amp)
**100&nbsp;mg/mL(1-mL,1.5-mL & 2-mL amp)
*[[France]]: Nétilmicin sulfate:
**Amp 25&nbsp;mg/1 mL
**50&nbsp;mg/2 mL
**100&nbsp;mg/1 mL
**150&nbsp;mg/1.5 mL


====FDA-Labeled Indications====
== Ingredients for 100 mg/mL vial ==


* Disease due to Gram-negative bacteria, Susceptible infections due to Pseudomonas and other gram-negative organisms.
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="font-size: 95%"
|-
|Netilmicin (as [[Sulfate|sulphate]])
|100&nbsp;mg
|-
|[[Sodium metabisulfite]]
|2.4&nbsp;mg
|-
|[[Sodium sulfite]]
|0.8&nbsp;mg
|-
|[[EDTA|Edetate disodium]]
|0.1&nbsp;mg
|-
|[[Benzyl alcohol]]
|10&nbsp;mg
|-
|Water for injection
|qs 1 mL
|-
|}
[[U.S. Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] approval date : February 28, 1983


* Gonorrhea
== Comparison with drugs of the same therapeutic category ==
According to the [[British National Formulary]] (BNF), netilmicin has similar activity to gentamicin, but less [[ototoxicity]] in those needing treatment for longer than 10 days.Netilmicin is active against a number of gentamicin-resistant [[Gram-negative bacteria|Gram-negative bacilli]] but is less active against Ps. Aeuroginosa than gentamicin or [[tobramycin]].


* Infection of skin AND/OR subcutaneous tissue.
However according to the below-mentioned studies, the above advantages are somehow controversial:


* Infectious disease of abdomen.
*''Netilmicin (Netromycin, Schering-Plough, Netspan- Cipla)'':<br/> In summary, netilmicin has not been demonstrated to have significant advantages over other aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, [[amikacin]]), and it is more expensive; thus, its potential value is limited.  ''Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 83-91''.


* Lower respiratory tract infection.
*''Once-daily gentamicin versus once-daily netilmicin in patients with serious infections—a randomized clinical trial'':<br/> We conclude that with once-daily dosing no benefit of netilmicin over gentamicin regarding nephro- or ototoxicity could be demonstrated. ''[[Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy]] (1994) 33, 823-835''.


* Urinary tract infectious disease.
*''Ototoxicity and [[nephrotoxicity]] of gentamicin vs netilmicin in patients with serious infections. A randomized clinical trial'':<br/> We conclude that with once-daily treatment no benefit of netilmicin over gentamicin regarding nephro- or ototoxicity could be demonstrated. ''Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1995 Apr;20(2):118-23''.  


====Non-FDA Labeled Indications====
*''Relative [[efficacy]] and [[toxicity]] of netilmicin and tobramycin in [[Cancer patient|oncology patients]]'':<br/> We conclude that aminoglycoside-associated ototoxicity was less severe and more often reversible with netilmicin than with tobramycin. ''Arch Intern Med. 1986 Dec;146(12):2329-34''. 
 
*''Daily single-dose aminoglycoside administration. Therapeutic and economic benefits'':<br/> [[Animal testing|Animal studies]] have shown that dosing aminoglycosides once daily is more efficient and less nephrotoxic than the conventional multiple daily dosing regimens. Netilmicin and amikacin are the drugs most often used in clinical trials of once-daily dosing regimens. ''Ugeskr Laeger. 1993 May 10;155(19):1436-41''.


* Febrile neutropenia
*''Comparison of Netilmicin with Gentamicin in the Therapy of Experimental [[Escherichia coli]] [[Meningitis]]'':<br/> Because of its reduced toxicity and greater [[in vivo]] [[Bactericide|bactericidal]] activity, netilmicin may offer an advantage over gentamicin in the therapy of gram-negative bacillary meningitis. ''Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 June; 13(6): 899-904''.


* Postoperative septicemia; prophylaxis
*''A comparison of netilmicin and gentamicin in the treatment of [[Sexually transmitted disease|pelvic infections]]'':<br/> The microbacteria isolated by standard [[Microbiological culture|culture techniques]] before therapy revealed [[Neisseria gonorrhoeae]] in 69% and 51% of the netilmicin and gentamicin groups, respectively; [[anaerobic organism]]s were cultured in about 75% of each group. ''Obstetrics & Gynecology 1979;54:554-557''.


<SMALL>''Adapted from:''</SMALL>
*''Netilmicin: a review of toxicity in laboratory animals'':<br/> Presently available data suggest that netilmicin offers distinct advantages over older aminoglycosides. Final conclusions must await prospective randomized [[Blind experiment|double-blind trials]] in man. ''J Int Med Res. 1978;6(4):286-99''.


<SMALL>''1. Product Information: NETROMYCIN(TM) injection, netilmicin sulfate injection. Fulford (India) Limited, Bombay, India, 2006.''</SMALL>
*''Nonparallel nephrotoxicity [[Dose-response relationship|dose-response curves]] of aminoglycosides'':<br/> Nephrotoxicity comparisons of aminoglycosides in rats, utilizing large multiples of human doses, have indicated an advantage for netilmicin. However, no nephrotoxicity advantage of netilmicin has been demonstrated at the lower doses used in clinics. ''Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1981 June; 19(6): 1024–1028''.


<SMALL>''2. Product Information: Netromycin(R), netilmicin sulfate injection, USP. Schering Corp., Kenilworth, NJ, 1987.''</SMALL>
*''Comparative ototoxicity of netilmicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin in cats'':<br/> Under the conditions of this study, at least a twofold (vestibular) to fourfold (cochlear) relative safety margin for ototoxicity was established in favor of netilmicin over tobramycin and gentamicin. ''Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Mar 15;77(3):479-89''.
 
<SMALL>''3. Batagol RBatagol R (Ed): Australian Drug Evaluation Committee: Medicines in Pregnancy-An Australian categorisation of risk of drug use in pregnancy, 3rd. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, Australia, 1996.''</SMALL>
 
==Mechanism of Action==
 
Netilmicin interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal RNA.


*''Comparison of Netilmicin and Gentamicin [[Pharmacokinetics]] in Humans'':<br/> In a [[crossover study]], single doses of netilmicin and gentamicin were administered [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscularly]], each at 1.0 and 2.5&nbsp;mg/kg. No significant differences were observed between the two drugs in disposition half-life, rate of distribution and elimination, area under the serum concentration-time curve, urinary excretion, total body clearance, and [[Clearance (medicine)|renal clearance]]. ''ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Feb. 1980, p. 184-187. Schering-Plough Research Division, Bloomfield, New Jersey 07003''.
                 
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
   
==External links==
* {{cite journal | author = Hemsworth S, Nunn A, Selwood K, Osborne C, Jones A, Pizer B | title = Once-daily netilmicin for neutropenic pyrexia in paediatric oncology. | journal = Acta Paediatr | volume = 94 | issue = 3 | pages = 268–74 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16028643 | doi = 10.1080/08035250510025923}}
* {{cite journal | author = Klingenberg C, Småbrekke L, Lier T, Flaegstad T | title = Validation of a simplified netilmicin dosage regimen in infants. | journal = Scand J Infect Dis | volume = 36 | issue = 6-7 | pages = 474–9 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15307571 | doi = 10.1080/00365540410020613}}
* {{cite journal | author = Brooks J, Marlow N, Reeves B, Millar M | title = Use of once-daily netilmicin to treat infants with suspected sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit. | journal = Biol Neonate | volume = 86 | issue = 3 | pages = 170–5 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15237240 | doi = 10.1159/000079423}}
{{AminoglycosideAntiBiotics}}


[[Category:Antibiotics]]
[[Category:Aminoglycoside antibiotics]]
[[Category:Wikinfect]]
[[Category:Drug]]

Latest revision as of 16:02, 13 April 2015

Netilmicin
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa605011
ATC code
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability~0%
Elimination half-life2.5 hours
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
E number{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H41N5O7
Molar mass475.58 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
 ☒N☑Y (what is this?)  (verify)

WikiDoc Resources for Netilmicin

Articles

Most recent articles on Netilmicin

Most cited articles on Netilmicin

Review articles on Netilmicin

Articles on Netilmicin in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Netilmicin

Images of Netilmicin

Photos of Netilmicin

Podcasts & MP3s on Netilmicin

Videos on Netilmicin

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Netilmicin

Bandolier on Netilmicin

TRIP on Netilmicin

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Netilmicin at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Netilmicin

Clinical Trials on Netilmicin at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Netilmicin

NICE Guidance on Netilmicin

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Netilmicin

CDC on Netilmicin

Books

Books on Netilmicin

News

Netilmicin in the news

Be alerted to news on Netilmicin

News trends on Netilmicin

Commentary

Blogs on Netilmicin

Definitions

Definitions of Netilmicin

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Netilmicin

Discussion groups on Netilmicin

Patient Handouts on Netilmicin

Directions to Hospitals Treating Netilmicin

Risk calculators and risk factors for Netilmicin

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Netilmicin

Causes & Risk Factors for Netilmicin

Diagnostic studies for Netilmicin

Treatment of Netilmicin

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Netilmicin

International

Netilmicin en Espanol

Netilmicin en Francais

Business

Netilmicin in the Marketplace

Patents on Netilmicin

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Netilmicin

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Netilmicin is a member of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. These antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria. Netilmicin is not absorbed from the gut and is therefore only given by injection or infusion. It is only used in the treatment of serious infections particularly those resistant to gentamicin.

Available dosage forms

Available dosage forms include:

  • UK: netilmicin (as sulfate):
    • 10 mg/mL (1.5 mL amp)
    • 50 mg/mL (1-mL amp)
    • 100 mg/mL(1-mL,1.5-mL & 2-mL amp)
  • France: Nétilmicin sulfate:
    • Amp 25 mg/1 mL
    • 50 mg/2 mL
    • 100 mg/1 mL
    • 150 mg/1.5 mL

Ingredients for 100 mg/mL vial

Netilmicin (as sulphate) 100 mg
Sodium metabisulfite 2.4 mg
Sodium sulfite 0.8 mg
Edetate disodium 0.1 mg
Benzyl alcohol 10 mg
Water for injection qs 1 mL

FDA approval date : February 28, 1983

Comparison with drugs of the same therapeutic category

According to the British National Formulary (BNF), netilmicin has similar activity to gentamicin, but less ototoxicity in those needing treatment for longer than 10 days.Netilmicin is active against a number of gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative bacilli but is less active against Ps. Aeuroginosa than gentamicin or tobramycin.

However according to the below-mentioned studies, the above advantages are somehow controversial:

  • Netilmicin (Netromycin, Schering-Plough, Netspan- Cipla):
    In summary, netilmicin has not been demonstrated to have significant advantages over other aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin), and it is more expensive; thus, its potential value is limited. Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 83-91.
  • Once-daily gentamicin versus once-daily netilmicin in patients with serious infections—a randomized clinical trial:
    We conclude that with once-daily dosing no benefit of netilmicin over gentamicin regarding nephro- or ototoxicity could be demonstrated. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (1994) 33, 823-835.
  • Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of gentamicin vs netilmicin in patients with serious infections. A randomized clinical trial:
    We conclude that with once-daily treatment no benefit of netilmicin over gentamicin regarding nephro- or ototoxicity could be demonstrated. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1995 Apr;20(2):118-23.
  • Relative efficacy and toxicity of netilmicin and tobramycin in oncology patients:
    We conclude that aminoglycoside-associated ototoxicity was less severe and more often reversible with netilmicin than with tobramycin. Arch Intern Med. 1986 Dec;146(12):2329-34.
  • Daily single-dose aminoglycoside administration. Therapeutic and economic benefits:
    Animal studies have shown that dosing aminoglycosides once daily is more efficient and less nephrotoxic than the conventional multiple daily dosing regimens. Netilmicin and amikacin are the drugs most often used in clinical trials of once-daily dosing regimens. Ugeskr Laeger. 1993 May 10;155(19):1436-41.
  • Comparison of Netilmicin with Gentamicin in the Therapy of Experimental Escherichia coli Meningitis:
    Because of its reduced toxicity and greater in vivo bactericidal activity, netilmicin may offer an advantage over gentamicin in the therapy of gram-negative bacillary meningitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1978 June; 13(6): 899-904.
  • Netilmicin: a review of toxicity in laboratory animals:
    Presently available data suggest that netilmicin offers distinct advantages over older aminoglycosides. Final conclusions must await prospective randomized double-blind trials in man. J Int Med Res. 1978;6(4):286-99.
  • Nonparallel nephrotoxicity dose-response curves of aminoglycosides:
    Nephrotoxicity comparisons of aminoglycosides in rats, utilizing large multiples of human doses, have indicated an advantage for netilmicin. However, no nephrotoxicity advantage of netilmicin has been demonstrated at the lower doses used in clinics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1981 June; 19(6): 1024–1028.
  • Comparative ototoxicity of netilmicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin in cats:
    Under the conditions of this study, at least a twofold (vestibular) to fourfold (cochlear) relative safety margin for ototoxicity was established in favor of netilmicin over tobramycin and gentamicin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Mar 15;77(3):479-89.
  • Comparison of Netilmicin and Gentamicin Pharmacokinetics in Humans:
    In a crossover study, single doses of netilmicin and gentamicin were administered intramuscularly, each at 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg. No significant differences were observed between the two drugs in disposition half-life, rate of distribution and elimination, area under the serum concentration-time curve, urinary excretion, total body clearance, and renal clearance. ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, Feb. 1980, p. 184-187. Schering-Plough Research Division, Bloomfield, New Jersey 07003.

References

External links

  • Hemsworth S, Nunn A, Selwood K, Osborne C, Jones A, Pizer B (2005). "Once-daily netilmicin for neutropenic pyrexia in paediatric oncology". Acta Paediatr. 94 (3): 268–74. doi:10.1080/08035250510025923. PMID 16028643.
  • Klingenberg C, Småbrekke L, Lier T, Flaegstad T (2004). "Validation of a simplified netilmicin dosage regimen in infants". Scand J Infect Dis. 36 (6–7): 474–9. doi:10.1080/00365540410020613. PMID 15307571.
  • Brooks J, Marlow N, Reeves B, Millar M (2004). "Use of once-daily netilmicin to treat infants with suspected sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit". Biol Neonate. 86 (3): 170–5. doi:10.1159/000079423. PMID 15237240.

Template:AminoglycosideAntiBiotics

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Netilmicin&oldid=1086766"