Nasopharyngeal carcinoma medical therapy: Difference between revisions

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==Medical Therapy==
==Medical Therapy==
*Pharmacologic medical therapies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma include Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil.
*[[Pharmacologic]] [[medical]] therapies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma include [[Cisplatin]] and 5-[[Fluorouracil (injection)|Fluorouracil]].


* '''Cisplatin:'''
* '''Cisplatin:'''
** Preferred regimen: 80- 100 mg/m<sup>2</sup>  slow IV with enough hydration.Repeat every 3 weeks
** Preferred regimen: 80-100 mg/m<sup>2</sup>  slow [[Intravenous therapy|IV]] with enough [[hydration]]. Repeat every 3 weeks.
** Contraindications:
** [[Contraindications]]:
*** Hypersensitivity to platinum-containing compounds
*** [[Hypersensitivity]] to [[platinum]]-containing compounds
*** Renal function impairment  
*** [[Renal function impairment]]
*** Hearing impairment  
*** [[Hearing impairment]]
*** Myelosuppressed patients
*** Myelosuppressed [[patients]]
*** Nursing or pregnant women
*** Nursing or [[pregnant]] women
** Side effects:
** [[Adverse effect (medicine)|Side effects]]:
*** Nephrotoxicity  
*** [[Nephrotoxicity]]
*** Ototoxicity
*** [[Ototoxicity]]
*** Myelosuppression
*** [[Myelosuppression]]
*** Gastrointestinal problems like acute and delayed nausea and vomiting and diarrhea  
*** [[Gastrointestinal]] problems like [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] and delayed [[nausea and vomiting]] and [[diarrhea]]
*** Electrolyte disturbance:  
*** [[Electrolyte disturbance]]:  
**** [[Hypomagnesemia]]  
**** [[Hypomagnesemia]]  
**** [[Hypocalcemia]]
**** [[Hypocalcemia]]
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**** [[Hypokalemia]]  
**** [[Hypokalemia]]  
**** [[Hypophosphatemia]]  
**** [[Hypophosphatemia]]  
*** Irreversible paresthesias
*** [[Irreversible]] [[paresthesias]]
*** Anaphylaxis
*** [[Anaphylaxis]]
'''Note (1):''' Urine output should be maintain more than 100-150 ml/ hr.
'''Note (1):''' [[Urine output]] should be maintain more than 100-150 ml/ hr.


'''Note (2):''' Anti-emetic treatment should be done in all patients.
'''Note (2):''' [[Antiemetic|Anti-emetic]] treatment should be done in all [[patients]].


* '''5-Fluorouracil:'''
* '''5-[[Fluorouracil]]:'''
** Preferred regimen: 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/day IV infusion for 4-5 days and repeated every 3 weeks.
** Preferred regimen: 1000 mg/m<sup>2</sup>/day [[Intravenous therapy|IV]] [[infusion]] for 4-5 days and repeated every 3 weeks.
** Contraindications:  
** [[Contraindications]]:  
*** Hypersensitivity
*** [[Hypersensitivity]]
*** Liver diseases
*** [[Liver diseases]]
*** Renal function impairment  
*** [[Renal function impairment]]
*** Myelosuppressed patients
*** Myelosuppressed patients
*** myelosuppression
*** [[Unstable angina]]
*** Unstable angina
** [[Adverse effect (medicine)|Side effects]]:
** Side effects:
*** [[Myelosuppression]]
*** Myelosuppression
*** [[Gastrointestinal]] problems like [[nausea and vomiting]] and [[diarrhea]]
*** Gastrointestinal problems like nausea and vomiting and diarrhea  
*** [[Mucositis]]
*** Mucositis
*** [[Angina]]
*** Angina
*** Alopecia
*** Alopecia
*** Hand-foot syndrome
*** [[Hand-foot syndrome]]
 
'''Note (1):''' In [[patients]] with [[liver diseases]] [[dose]] reduction should be considered.  
* Main drug interactions: Not compatible with diazepam and droperidol.


* Main side effects: Myelosuppression, dose-dependent nausea and vomiting, mucositis, angina, alopecia, hand-foot syndrome, and diarrhea.
'''Note (2):''' Using this drug in familial pyrimidenemia [[patients]] can cause fatal [[neurotoxicity]].
'''Note (1):''' In patients with liver disease dose reduction should be considered.  


'''Note (2):''' Using this drug in familial pyrimidenemia patients, can cause fatal neurotoxicity.




*
**
**
==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:04, 18 March 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

The mainstay of therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is external beam radiotherapy, supplemented in some cases with chemotherapy.

Medical Therapy

The mainstay of therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is external beam radiotherapy.

  • Standard treatments for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma include:[1]
    • External beam radiation therapy alone
    • Concurrent chemoradiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy
    • Chemotherapy alone for metastatic disease
  • Undifferentiated subtype of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is highly radiosensitive

Treatment according to Stages

Stage Treatment

Stage 1

  • External beam radiation

Stage 2

  • Chemotherapy given with radiation therapy, followed by more chemotherapy
  • Radiation therapy to the tumor and lymph nodes in the neck

Stage 3

  • Chemotherapy given with radiation therapy, which may be followed by more chemotherapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Radiation therapy followed by surgery to remove cancer -containing lymph nodes in the neck that remain or come back after radiation therapy

Stage 4

  • Chemotherapy given with radiation therapy, followed by more chemotherapy
  • Radiation therapy
  • Radiation therapy followed by surgery to remove cancer -containing lymph nodes in the neck that remain or come back after radiation therapy
  • Chemotherapy for cancer that has metastasized (spread) to other parts of the body

Medical Therapy

Note (1): Urine output should be maintain more than 100-150 ml/ hr.

Note (2): Anti-emetic treatment should be done in all patients.

Note (1): In patients with liver diseases dose reduction should be considered.

Note (2): Using this drug in familial pyrimidenemia patients can cause fatal neurotoxicity.


References

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