Myoglobinuria epidemiology and demographics
- Myoglobinuria in adults is caused most commonly by trauma, alcohol and drug abuse, usually in relation to muscle necrosis from prolonged immobilization and pressure by the body weight. Protracted consumption of alcohol, seizure activity or vigorous physical activity, can also lead to a disequilibrium between muscle energy consumption and production, resulting in muscle destruction. [1] [2]
- Myoglobinuria in children and adolescents, is caused most commonly by viral myositis, trauma, exertion, drug overdose, seizures, metabolic disorders, and connective tissue diseases.[3]
Race
Race is a factor only when natural disasters and economic shortfalls increase the rates of drug and alcohol abuse and the mortality rate among certain racial groups.
Sex
Myoglobinuria tends to affect males more than females because males are more predisposed to trauma and participation in strenuous physical exercise. Persons who exercise and have increased muscle mass have an increased intracellular myoglobin content.
Age
The median age for myoglobinuria is children and adolescents is 11 years. The leading cause of rhabdomyolysis in the 0-9 year age range is viral myositis, whereas the leading cause in the 9-18 year age range is trauma. [4]
References
- ↑ Sauret JM, Marinides G, Wang GK (2002). "Rhabdomyolysis". Am Fam Physician. 65 (5): 907–12. PMID 11898964.
- ↑ Line RL, Rust GS (1995). "Acute exertional rhabdomyolysis". Am Fam Physician. 52 (2): 502–6. PMID 7625324.
- ↑ Moghtader J, Brady WJ, Bonadio W (1997). "Exertional rhabdomyolysis in an adolescent athlete". Pediatr Emerg Care. 13 (6): 382–5. PMID 9434995.
- ↑ Lim YS, Cho H, Lee ST, Lee Y (2018). "Acute kidney injury in pediatric patients with rhabdomyolysis". Korean J Pediatr. 61 (3): 95–100. doi:10.3345/kjp.2018.61.3.95. PMC 5876511. PMID 29628970.