Myelodysplastic syndrome natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nawal Muazam M.D.[2]

Overview

Common complications of myelodysplasia include progression to acute myeloid leukemia, bone marrow failure, infection, hemorrhage, and iron overload.[1]

Natural history

If left untreated, patients with myelodysplastic syndrome may progress to develop weight loss, bone marrow failure, infection, hemorrhage, iron overload.[1]

Complications

Common complications of myelodysplasia include:[1]

  • Progression to acute myeloid leukemia
  • Bone marrow failure
  • Infection
  • Hemorrhage
  • Iron overload

Prognosis

A variety of pathologic and risk classification systems have been developed to predict the overall survival of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and the evolution from myelodysplastic syndrome to acute myeloid leukemia. Major prognostic classification systems include the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), revised as the IPSS-R; the WHO Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS); and the MD Anderson Cancer Center Prognostic Scoring Systems. Clinical variables in these systems have included bone marrow and blood myeloblast percentage, specific cytopenias, transfusion requirements, age, performance status, and bone marrow cytogenetic abnormalities.[2]

IPSS

The IPSS incorporates bone marrow blast percentage, number of peripheral blood cytopenias, and cytogenetic risk group.[2]

IPSS-R

Compared with the IPSS, the IPSS-R updates and gives greater weight to cytogenetic abnormalities and severity of cytopenias, while reassigning the weighting for blast percentages.[2]

WPSS

In contrast to the IPSS and IPSS-R, which should be applied only at the time of diagnosis, the WPSS is dynamic, meaning that patients can be reassigned categories as their disease progresses.[2]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Natelson, Ethan A.; Pyatt, David (2013). "Acquired Myelodysplasia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Clearing the Fog". Advances in Hematology. 2013: 1–11. doi:10.1155/2013/309637. ISSN 1687-9104.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Prognostic Scoring Systems of myelodysplastic syndrome. National Cancer Institute (2015). http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/myelodysplastic-treatment-pdq/#link/_204_toc. Accessed on December 11, 2015