Mycobacterium xenopi
| Mycobacterium xenopi | ||||||||||||||
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| Mycobacterium xenopi Schwabacher 1959, ATCC 19250 |
Mycobacterium xenopi is a slow-growing scotochromogenic species of Mycobacterium. It was first reported by Schwabacher in 1959, having been isolated in lesions found on a Xenopus laevis, but the possibility of human infection was not confirmed until 1965. It has low pathogenicity in humans, and where infections have been found they are closely associated with immunocompromised individuals.
Type strain: strain ATCC 19250 = CCUG 28011 = CCUG 31306 = CIP 104035 = DSM 43995 = NCTC 10042.
Treatment
Antimicrobial regimen
- 1. The cornerstone of therapy for M. xenopi [1]
- Preferred regimen: A combination of Clarithromycin AND Rifampin AND Ethambutol. Therapy should be continued until the patient has maintained negative sputum cultures while on therapy for 12 months
- 2. Pulmonary disease
- Preferred regimen: INH AND Rifabutin OR Rifampin AND Ethambutol AND Clarithromycin ± an initial course of Streptomycin. A quinolone, preferably Moxifloxacin, could be substituted for one of the antituberculous drugs
- 3. Extrapulmonary disease
- Therapy for extrapulmonary disease would include the same agents as for pulmonary disease
References
- ↑ Griffith, David E.; Aksamit, Timothy; Brown-Elliott, Barbara A.; Catanzaro, Antonino; Daley, Charles; Gordin, Fred; Holland, Steven M.; Horsburgh, Robert; Huitt, Gwen; Iademarco, Michael F.; Iseman, Michael; Olivier, Kenneth; Ruoss, Stephen; von Reyn, C. Fordham; Wallace, Richard J.; Winthrop, Kevin; ATS Mycobacterial Diseases Subcommittee; American Thoracic Society; Infectious Disease Society of America (2007-02-15). "An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (4): 367–416. doi:10.1164/rccm.200604-571ST. ISSN 1073-449X. PMID 17277290.
- SKERMAN (V.B.D.), McGOWAN (V.) and SNEATH (P.H.A.) (editors): Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1980, 30, 225-420. [SCHWABACHER (H.): A strain of Mycobacterium isolated from skin lesions of a cold blooded animal, Xenopus laevus, and its relation to atypical acid-fast bacilli occurring in man. Journal of Hygiene, 1959, 57, 57-67.]